Editing Jonathan Zittrain (section)

=== Security ===
[[Image:Jonathan Zittrain and Lawrence Lessig (Google DC, March 20 2008).jpg|thumb|alt=Zittrain smiling and Lessig speaking, both in suits|Zittrain and [[Lawrence Lessig]] speaking at Google in 2008]]
After Zittrain joined the staff at Oxford, Zittrain and [[John Palfrey]] at the Berkman Center founded [[StopBadware.org]] in 2006 to function as a clearinghouse for what has become proliferation of [[malware]].<ref name=Z-Future>{{cite book |author=Zittrain, Jonathan |title=The Future of the Internet--And How to Stop It |date=April 14, 2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/futureofinternet00zitt/page/159 159–161] |isbn=978-0-300-12487-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/futureofinternet00zitt/page/159}}</ref> Borrowing Wikipedia's "ethical code that encourages users to do the right thing rather than the required thing",<ref>{{cite news |author=Anthes, Gary |title=The end of the Internet as we know it? Jonathan Zittrain fears the worst |url=http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=314935 |work=Computerworld |publisher=International Data Group |date=April 7, 2008 |access-date=2008-04-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116062840/http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=314935 |archive-date=January 16, 2009}}</ref> the organization wished to assign the task of data collection—and not analysis—about malware to Internet users at large.<ref name=Z-Future /> When its scans find dangerous code, Google places StopBadware alerts in its search results and rescans later to determine whether a site thereafter had been cleaned.<ref>{{cite web |title=StopBadware.org Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.stopbadware.org/home/faq |publisher=StopBadware.org |access-date=2008-04-16}}</ref>

One of StopBadware's goals is to "preempt" the stifling of the Internet.<ref>{{cite news |author=Talbot, David |title=Q&A: Jonathan Zittrain |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/InfoTech/wtr_16458,258,p1.html |work=Technology Review |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=March 2006 |access-date=2008-04-17 |archive-date=August 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814214449/http://www.technologyreview.com/InfoTech/wtr_16458,258,p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The founders think that centralized regulation could follow a serious Internet security breach, and that consumers might then choose to purchase closed, centrally managed solutions like tethered appliances that are modified by their vendor rather than owner, or might flee to services in walled gardens. In Zittrain's word, "generative" devices and platforms, including the Internet itself, offer an opening forward.<ref name=NW>{{cite news |first=Carolyn |last=Duffy Marsan |title=How the iPhone is killing the 'Net |url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/040908-zittrain.html |work=Network World |publisher=IDG |date=April 9, 2008 |access-date=2008-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414043829/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/040908-zittrain.html |archive-date=April 14, 2008}}</ref> In 2007, he cautioned, "...we're moving to software-as-service, which can be yanked or transformed at any moment. The ability of your PC to run independent code is an important safety valve."<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Graves, Lucas |title=End-Time for the Internet |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.01/start.html?pg=15 |date=January 2007 |magazine=Wired |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=15 |publisher=CondéNet |access-date=2008-04-18}}</ref>

Reactions in the ''[[Boston Review]]'' accompanied the publication of his book, ''The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It'', in 2008. Support came from [[David D. Clark]] and [[Susan P. Crawford]]. Criticism ranged from [[Richard Stallman]]'s finding no evidence of a flight to closed systems and his message that software developers need control and software patents must end,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stallman, Richard |title=The root of this problem is software controlled by its developer |url=http://bostonreview.net/BR33.2/stallman.php |journal=Boston Review |volume=33 |issue=2 |date=March–April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-21}}</ref> to a request for cost-benefit analysis,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Owen, Bruce M. |title=As long as flexibility has value to users, suppliers will have incentives to offer it |url=http://bostonreview.net/BR33.2/owen.php |journal=Boston Review |volume=33 |issue=2 |date=March–April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-21}}</ref> to the belief that netizenship will not scale to the business world<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Grimes, Roger A. |title=Fixing Web insecurity requires more than a caring community |url=http://bostonreview.net/BR33.2/grimes.php |date=March–April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-21 |magazine=[[Boston Review]]}}</ref> to faith that consumers will buy only open, non-proprietary systems.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Varian, Hal |title=Ultimately, the best protection is an informed buyer who demands openness |url=http://bostonreview.net/BR33.2/varian.php |journal=Boston Review |volume=33 |issue=2 |date=March–April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-21 |archive-date=2008-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514021432/http://bostonreview.net/BR33.2/varian.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Directed by Palfrey and Zittrain, StopBadware received high-level guidance from its advisory board: [[Vint Cerf]] of Google, [[Esther Dyson]], George He of [[Lenovo]], [[Greg Papadopoulos]] (formerly CTO of [[Sun Microsystems]]), and Ari Schwartz of the Center for Democracy and Technology. The working group, which has included Ben Adida, Scott Bradner, Beau Brendler, Jerry Gregoire, Eric L. Howes, and Nart Villeneuve at various times, frames the project's research agenda and methodology and is the body which helps to inform the public about StopBadware's work.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.stopbadware.org/home/about |publisher=StopBadware.org |access-date=2008-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080705114535/http://www.stopbadware.org/home/about |archive-date= Jul 5, 2008 }}</ref> StopBadware has been supported by [[AOL]], Google, [[eBay]]/[[PayPal]], Lenovo, [[Trend Micro]], and [[VeriSign]] and its use has been advised by Consumer Reports WebWatch.<ref>{{cite press release |title=StopBadware celebrates second anniversary; adds two new sponsors |date=February 26, 2008 |url=http://www.stopbadware.org/pdfs/Stopbadware_Anniversary_Press_Release022608.pdf |publisher=StopBadware.org |access-date=2008-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029151847/http://www.stopbadware.org/pdfs/Stopbadware_Anniversary_Press_Release022608.pdf |archive-date= Oct 29, 2008 }}</ref>