Editing Judiciary Square (section)

===20th century===
The city saw additional growth in the population and more apartment buildings were constructed in the Judiciary Square neighborhood. Most of the remaining houses built in the 19th-century were converted into boarding houses. After the city's [[John A. Wilson Building]] was constructed in 1908, the old City Hall housed the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]], and the [[District of Columbia Court of Appeals]] moved into a [[United States Court of Military Appeals (building)|new building]] on the Square.<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/>
[[File:US General Accounting Office Building.jpg|thumb|left|alt=US General Accounting Office Building|The [[US General Accounting Office Building]] was completed in 1951.]]
The old City Hall was refurbished in the 1910s and the grounds further landscaped. The statue of Lincoln was removed during renovations, but was returned after complaints from citizens. In 1923, the [[Washington Bar Association]] installed the [[Darlington Memorial Fountain]] in honor of one its members. The bronze fountain with statues, designed by [[C. Paul Jennewein]], was placed on the southwest corner of the Square. The following year the [[General Jose de San Martin Memorial]], by sculptor [[Augustin-Alexandre Dumont]], was installed in the center of the Square, where it remained for several decades.<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/> The [[Albert Pike Memorial]], designed by sculptor [[Gaetano Trentanove]], was installed across the street from the Square in 1901.<ref name=nom/>

In the early decades of the 20th-century, the German immigrant population was replaced with Greek, Irish, and Italian immigrants, and the eastern side of Judiciary Square became an enclave of Italians, the equivalent of a [[Little Italy]], though it was never called that. The Italian neighborhood rested on the eastern edge of the square proper, stretching eastward to about 2nd Street. The heart of the community was [[Holy Rosary Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)|Holy Rosary Church]], a chapel built at 3rd and F Streets.<ref name=boundary>{{cite news | url=https://boundarystones.weta.org/2015/02/12/closest-thing-little-italy-washington | title=The Closest Thing to a 'Little Italy' in Washington | work=WETA | date=February 12, 2015 | accessdate=February 11, 2024 | author=Kiger, Patrick | archive-date=March 24, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324071347/https://boundarystones.weta.org/2015/02/12/closest-thing-little-italy-washington | url-status=live }}</ref>

By the 1920s, buildings along G Street were mostly restaurants and shops that catered to office workers.<ref name=nom/> During the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], there were often homeless people sleeping in the Square each night. Police officers would wake them up before government and commercial employees arrived for work. The rise of automobile ownership wreaked havoc to the Square. Some of the outer edges were turned into parking spaces, and when those were full, some commuters would park on the Square's sidewalks and green space.<ref name=habs/>

As part of the [[Public Works Administration]] during the Great Depression, additional court buildings were constructed on the Square: the District of Columbia Recorder of Deeds Building, the Municipal Court Building, and the D.C. Juvenile Court Building. All four buildings are cohesive in design. Additional local and federal buildings constructed around this time include the [[Henry Daly Building]], the [[E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse]], and the large [[US General Accounting Office Building]].<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/>
[[File:Judiciary Square Metro, Building Museum.jpg|thumb|alt=People riding up escalators with a building in the background|The [[National Building Museum]] is the first thing riders see as they go up the north escalators at the [[Judiciary Square station]].]]
In the 1960s, due to growing traffic issues, there were plans for a [[Rapid transit|Metro transit system]] to be built in Washington, D.C. Construction of the [[Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority]] (WMATA) headquarters on the corner of 5th and F Streets was completed in 1974. Groundbreaking for the Judiciary Square station, designed by [[Harry Weese]], took place in 1969. During construction, the General Jose de San Martin Memorial was moved and now stands along [[Virginia Avenue]]. The station opened in 1976.<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/>

There was a boon in development around the neighborhood after the Metro station was announced. The [[United States Tax Court Building]] at 3rd and D Streets was completed in 1974, and the following year, the [[H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse]] opened across from the Square's southern end. The Judiciary Plaza Office Building, designed by [[Vlastimil Koubek]] and across the street from the Square, was completed in 1981. The Canadian embassy, on the southern border of the neighborhood, was built in 1989.<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/>

There were plans to demolish the Pension Building, but due to historic preservationists, it was converted into the National Building Museum in the 1980s. In 1989, the Square was chosen to be the site where a memorial to police officers who died in the line of duty would be built. The [[National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial]] was completed in 1991 and includes four bronze lion sculptures.<ref name=nom/><ref name=habs/><ref name=legacy/> During the 1990s, additional office buildings were constructed in the neighborhood, including the FBI District of Columbia Field Office, Koubek's [[One Judiciary Square]], and the Judiciary Center. The building boom extended into the next decade.<ref name=nom/><ref name=legacy/>