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Jungle boot
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===Post-Vietnam jungle boot designs=== [[File:PDN Curves+ CMYK Y145 126, AKVIS HC-N, Shrpns100 HC-N, PDN Framecrop - IPD, dessart & tropical boot Color Film Negative NSSC Photo Collection (1 July 1991) 002801 image primary(.png).jpg|thumb|240x240px|US black hot-weather boot and [[desert combat boot]], 1991]] The Vietnam-era jungle boots were quite successful. They went through minor improvements since 1962 and used in large numbers by troops in the [[Republic of Vietnam]]. Jungle boots were the standard combat footwear for mild weather for decades following Vietnam. The last nomenclature for jungle boots was 'Boot, Hot Weather, Type I, Black, Hot-Wet', and uses either OG107 green or black for the nylon sections of the upper. In addition, the 'Mod 2' boot is identical except with tan color for the leather and the nylon, eliminating the protective steel plate because of its reliability as a conductor of heat in hot sand and vent eyelets because they allow sand in. The US military jungle boot helped influence the design of the desert combat footwear of the Americans' next series of wars, [[Operation Desert Storm]] in 1991, [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in Afghanistan in 2001, and [[2003 invasion of Iraq|Operation Iraqi Freedom]] in 2003. Despite the introduction of the desert boot by the time of Operation Desert Storm, supplies were limited and many troops still wore jungle boots and black leather combat boots during the conflict. Even during Operation Enduring Freedom over a decade later, many American troops used black jungle boots and black leather speed-lace combat footwear alongside the newer desert footwear in Afghanistan during the early 2000s. During the 1980s, some improvements incorporated over the years in American footwear were modified or discarded for cost and convenience to the contractors.<ref name="Kearny, Cresson H. pp. 183, 365">Kearny, Cresson H. (Maj.), pp. 183, 365β368</ref> This included changes in rubber sole composition (reducing the janitorial load by reducing the tell-tale 'marking' on [[Linoleum|linoleum floors]]), and use of waterproof Poron linings instead of the left-overs from 1942 Saran ventilating in-soles.<ref name="Kearny, Cresson H. pp. 183, 365" /> The improved version of the footwear retain their two-way water drain eyelets, so water is sucked into the boot, soaking the open-cell Poron in-soles in constant contact with the bottom of the foot.<ref>Kearny, Cresson H. (Maj.), pp. 365β368</ref> British forces use Saran insoles in their footwear because they like its insulating properties.<ref>Westwood, E., Smith, N., and Dyson, R., ''Comparison of the Influence of Three Types of Military Boot Insoles Upon the Force and Loading Rates Experienced In Drop Jump Landings'', Biomechanics Symposia 2001, University of San Francisco (2001), p. 30</ref> Increasing use of the jungle boot as a general-purpose combat boot wrought further improvements. To use up left-over stock, the issue boot's Dobie sole reverted to a [[Vibram]] sole in the 1980s.<ref name="Kearny, Cresson H. pp. 183, 365" /> However, the Vibram sole, while suitable for rocks, sand, or other hard terrain, lacked the mud-clearing qualities of Dobie's sole, and was inferior in jungles or swamps.<ref name="Wood, Clyde E. 2006 p. 106" /><ref>Kearny, Cresson H. (Maj.), pp. 366β368</ref> Other improvements were made to lower the costs to tax-payers. By the late 1980s, thousands of incidents of field destruction were reported by troopers, including heel blowouts and loss of water drains (screened eyelets) from poor materials/poor quality control.<ref>Kearny, Cresson H. (Maj), pp. 366β368</ref> Today, Altama Footwear and Wellco Footwear are two American manufacturers of American military jungle footwear.<ref>{{cite news|date=2009-12-14|url=http://www.militaryboots.com/blog/jungle-boots/ |title=Jungle Boots|publisher=Military Boots Blog}}</ref> Altama began manufacturing boots for the military near the end of American involvement in Vietnam, in 1969, supplying the military with footwear. Wellco gained the first tax-payers contract for boots in 1965. These companies manufacture footwear with waterproof insoles and Vibram or Dobie outsoles with green cotton/nylon uppers and conventional eyelets, and manufacture an improved version with a black [[Cordura]] upper and a Speedlace-and-eyelet lacing system. Atalaia manufactures jungle footwear for the Brazilian Army.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coturnoatalaia.com.br/exercito.html |title=Atlas Atalaia ::: |website=www.coturnoatalaia.com.br |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307035259/http://www.coturnoatalaia.com.br/exercito.html |archive-date=2011-03-07}} </ref> McRae boots of North Carolina produces the original green cotton boot and the black nylon boot in the US.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
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