Editing Knight (section)

===Multiple crusades and military orders===
[[File:OsmanenDeutscheKavallerie-1-.jpg|thumb|Hungarian knights routing Ottoman sipahi cavalry during the [[Battle of Mohács]] in 1526]]
Clerics and the Church often opposed the practices of the Knights because of their abuses against women and civilians, and many such as St. [[Bernard de Clairvaux]] were convinced that Knights served the devil and not God, and needed reforming.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard W. Kaeuper|title=Chivalry and Violence in Medieval Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-m4zosAOchQC&pg=PA76|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924458-4|pages=76–}}</ref> 

In the course of the 12th century, knighthood became a social rank with a distinction being made between ''milites gregarii'' (non-noble cavalrymen) and ''milites nobiles'' (true knights).<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen |last=Church|title=Papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994|year=1995|publisher=Boydell|location=Woodbridge, England|isbn=978-0-85115-628-6|pages=48–49}}</ref> As the term "knight" became increasingly confined to denoting a social rank, the military role of fully armoured cavalryman gained a separate term, "[[man-at-arms]]". Although any medieval knight going to war would automatically serve as a man-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights. 

The first military orders of knighthood were the [[Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Catholic)|Knights of the Holy Sepulchre]] and the [[Knights Hospitaller]], both founded shortly after the [[First Crusade]] of 1099, followed by the [[Order of Saint Lazarus]] (1100), [[Knights Templar]]s (1118), the [[Order of Montesa]] (1128), the [[Order of Santiago]] (1170) and the [[Teutonic Knights]] (1190). At the time of their foundation, these were intended as [[Monasticism|monastic orders]], whose members would act as simple soldiers protecting pilgrims. 

It was only over the following century, with the successful conquest of the Holy Land and the rise of the [[crusader states]], that these orders became powerful and prestigious.

The great European legends of warriors such as the [[paladin]]s, the [[Matter of France]] and the [[Matter of Britain]] popularized the notion of [[chivalry]] among the warrior class.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.themiddleages.net/people/charlemagne.html |title=The Middle Ages: Charlemagne |access-date=2015-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109080754/http://themiddleages.net/people/charlemagne.html |archive-date=2017-11-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Arty">{{cite web |url=http://www.nobleworld.biz/images/Hermes.pdf|title=King Arthur in the Lands of the Saracen|last=Hermes|first=Nizar |publisher=Nebula |date=December 4, 2007}}</ref> The ideal of chivalry as the ethos of the Christian warrior, and the transmutation of the term "knight" from the meaning "servant, soldier", and of ''chevalier'' "mounted soldier", to refer to a member of this ideal class, is significantly influenced by the [[Crusades]], on one hand inspired by the [[Military order (society)|military orders]] of monastic warriors, and on the other hand also cross-influenced by Islamic ([[Saracen]]) ideals of ''[[furusiyya]]''.<ref name="Arty" /><ref>[[Richard Francis Burton]] wrote "I should attribute the origins of love to the influences of the Arabs' poetry and chivalry upon European ideas rather than to medieval Christianity." {{Cite book| editor=Charles Anderson Read |year=2007 |title=The Cabinet of Irish Literature, Vol. IV |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93XtaGIOPhMC&q=antar+2007+chivalry |page=94 |publisher=Read Books |isbn=978-1-4067-8001-7}}</ref>