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Kwadi language
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==Morphology== ===Pronouns=== Kwadi has personal pronouns for first and second person in singular, dual, and plural numbers. Pronouns have subject, object, and possessive cases.<ref name="morphology">{{cite book|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|year=2013|chapter=Morphology: 3.5 Kwadi|editor-last=Vossen|editor-first=Rainer|title=The Khoesan Languages|series=Routledge Language Family Series|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|pages=261–263}}</ref> 1st person plural may have distinguished [[clusivity]]. Object pronouns are suffixed with ''-le/-de'', except for the first person dual object pronoun, which is just ''mu''. Possessive pronouns are the same as the subject form, except for the first person singular possessive pronoun, which is ''tʃi''. Third person pronouns are simply the demonstratives, which are formed with a demonstrative base ''ha-'' followed by a gender/number suffix.<ref>{{cite conference |last=Fehn |first=Anne-Maria |title=Preliminary notes on Kwadi grammar and implications for the morphological reconstruction of proto Khoe-Kwadi |publisher=Berlin Colloquium on African Linguistics |date=24 November 2020}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Personal Pronouns !colspan=2| !! singular !! dual !! plural |- !colspan=2| 1st | ta || ʔamu ~ hamu || ʔala ([[clusivity|EXCL]])<br>ʔuhina, hina (INCL?) |- !colspan=2| 2nd | sá || uwa ~ huwa || ʔu ~ hu |- !rowspan=2| 3rd ! masc | háde || rowspan=2|hawa || hau |- ! fem | hɛɛ (< ha-e) || haʔe |} The known possessive pronouns are ''tʃi'' 'my' and ''ha'' 'his'. From the Khoe languages, it's not expected that all pronouns have distinctive possessive forms. ===Nouns=== Kwadi nouns distinguished three genders (masculine, feminine, and common), as well as three numbers (singular, dual, and plural).<ref>Westphal 1971: 395</ref> Some nouns form their plural with [[suppletion]]. For example: ''tçe'' "woman" vs. ''tala kwaʼe'' "women". The attested paradigm of nominal suffixes for masculine and feminine nouns is given below. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! !! singular !! dual !! plural |- ! Masculine | -dɛ || rowspan=3| -wa || -u |- ! Feminine | -e || -ʔɛ |- ! Common | -(n)dɛ || -ʔV |}
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