Editing Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv (section)

=== Legacy of the four siblings ===
The ''Primary Chronicle'' relates three different versions of what happened to political power amongst the Polyanians in the period after the four siblings (the three brothers and their sister) died and before the [[Khazars]] vassalised them. Lines 10.15–10.17 suggest that the offspring of Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and Lybid' continued to reign amongst the Polyanians, while the [[Derevlians]] and other tribes around them had their own ''[[knyaz]]i'' (princes):
{| class="wikitable" align="left"
! Line
! ''[[Laurentian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=10.15–17}}
! ''[[Hypatian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=10.15–17}}
! Samuel Hazzard Cross & Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor<br />English translation of the ''Laurentian'' text (2013) [1930, 1953]{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=3}}
|- valign="top"
| 10.15
| [и по	с]ихъ бр[атьи] держати. почаша родъ
| И по сеи братьи почаша дѣржати родъ
| After the deaths of these three brothers, their gens
|- valign="top"
| 10.16
| ихъ кнѧженье в полѧх[ъ]. в деревлѧхъ
| ихъ кнѧжение в полѧхъ. а	въ	деревлѧхъ
| assumed the supremacy among the Polyanians. The Derevlians
|- valign="top"
| 10.17
| свое. а дреговичи свое. 
| свое. а дрьгови[ч]и свое.	
| [had a principality] of their own, as did also the Dregovichians,...{{efn|The Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor translation is quite free and eloquent in lines 10.15–19 ('their gens assumed the supremacy among the Polyanians. The Derevlians possessed a principality of their own, as did also the Dregovichians, while the Slavs had their own authority in Novgorod, and another principality existed on the Polota, where the Polotians dwell.'{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=3}}), while the original Slavonic text reads like a formal, concise summation ('their clan began to reign (къняжение) among [the] Polyanians, and [the] Derevlians among their own [people], and [the] Dregovichians among their own [people], and [the] Slověne among their own [people] in Nověgorodě, and [the] other on [the] Polotě, which [were the] Polochane.').}}
|}
{{clear}}

16.21–17.3 say that upon the deaths of the four siblings, the Derevlians seized power and "oppressed" the Polyanians, then "other neighbours", and then finally the Khazars made them tributaries:
{| class="wikitable" align="left"
! Line
! ''[[Laurentian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=16.21–17.3}}
! ''[[Hypatian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=16.21–17.3}}
! Samuel Hazzard Cross & Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor<br />English translation of the ''Laurentian'' text (2013) [1930, 1953]{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|pp=5–6}}
|- valign="top"
| 16.21
| По сихъ же лѣтѣхъ по см҃рти братьѣ сеꙗ 
| По сихъ же лѣтехъ	по см҃рти братьꙗ сеꙗ.
| After these years, and after the three brothers' deaths, the [Polyanians]{{efn|In 16.21, Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor added the words "in Kyiv", and instead of "these" (сеꙗ, ''seya'') wrote "the Polyanians",{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=6}} in order to provide context and help the reader understand which three brothers are meant, and that the subject of the sentence are the Polyanians (last mentioned in line 13.8{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=13.8}}).}}
|- valign="top"
| 16.22
| бы[ша	ѡ]бидимы древлѧми. инѣми ѡколними.
| быша ѡбидими деревлѧны. и инѣми ѡколными.
| were oppressed by the [[Derevlians]] and other neighbors of theirs. 
|- valign="top"
| 17.1
| и	наидоща	ꙗ козарѣ сѣдѧщаꙗ на горах
| и	наидоша	ꙗ козаре сѣдѧщаꙗ в лѣсѣхъ	
| Then the [[Khazars]] came upon them as they lived in the hills{{efn|name=hills forests|The ''Hypatian Codex'' is the only main textual witness to write в лѣсѣхъ на х горах, "in the forests on the hills/mountains"; all other witnesses say на горах [сихъ] в лѣсѣхъ, "on [these] hills/mountains in the forests".{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=17.1–2}}}}
|- valign="top"
| 17.2
| сихъ в лѣсѣхъ{{efn|name=hills forests}} и рѣша козари. платит[е] намъ
| на х горах.{{efn|name=hills forests}} и ркоша козарѣ. платите намъ
| and forests,{{efn|name=hills forests}} and the Khazars said: "Pay us{{efn|name=tribute|The entire ''Primary Chronicle'' is written in [[direct speech]], whether it presents dialogues between people or when a prince sends out envoys with a messenge to another prince.{{sfn|Thuis|2015|pp=284–285}} In 17.2–3, Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor freely translated и рѣша козари. платит[е] намъ. as 'and demanded tribute from them.',{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=6}} but a more literal translation would be 'and the Khazars said: "Pay us tribute".'{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=17.2–3}}}}
|- valign="top"
| 17.3
| дань.
| дань.
| tribute."{{efn|name=tribute}}
|}
{{clear}}

In lines 20.24–21.3, the inhabitants of Kyiv/Kiev tell [[Askold and Dir]] a brief history of the city, which does not mention either a reign of the siblings' descendants, nor of an "oppression" by the Derevlians or other neighbouring tribes; instead, the three brothers' deaths are immediately followed by paying tribute to the Khazars:{{sfn|Thuis|2015|p=19}}{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=7}}
{| class="wikitable" align="left"
! Line
! ''[[Laurentian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=20.24–21.3}}
! ''[[Hypatian Codex]]''{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=20.24–21.3}}
! Samuel Hazzard Cross & Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor<br />English translation of the ''Laurentian'' text (2013) [1930, 1953]{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=7}}
|- valign="top"
| 20.24
| чии се градокъ. ѡни же рѣша была сутъ
| чии се городъ. ѡни же ркоша была сут.
| <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Askold and Dir]]:<nowiki>]</nowiki> 'Whose city is this?' And they said: 'Once [upon a time], there were
|- valign="top"
| 21.1
| .г҃. братьꙗ. кии. щекъ. хоривъ. иже сдѣлаша
| три братьꙗ. кии. щекъ. хоривъ. иже сдѣлаша
| three brothers, Kyi, Shchek and Khoriv, who built
|- valign="top"
| 21.2
| градоко сь. и	изгибоша и мы сѣдимъ. платѧче	
| гроодъ сии. и изъгыбоша. а мы сѣдимъ [въ го]род[ы] ихъ. и платимы
| this city. They died, and we[, their descendants,] are living here,{{efn|Only the ''Hypatian Codex'' writes а мы сѣдимъ [въ го]род[ы] ихъ, which could be read as "and we live [here] in their city" or as "and we, their clan/descendants, live [here]". Only the ''[[Khlebnikov Codex]]'' writes а мы сѣдим д рѡд их, "and we, their clan/descendants, live [here]". The other manuscripts including the ''Laurentian Codex'' omit these words and only read и мы сѣдимъ, "and we sit (down) / dwell / live [here]".{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.2}} Shakhmatov and Ostrowski regarded the ''[[lectio brevior]]'' as the original, while Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Likhachev, and Thuis all included "their descendants" in their translations.{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|2013|p=7}}{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.2}}{{sfn|Thuis|2015|p=19}}}} and paying
|- valign="top"
| 21.3
| дань родомъ их козаромъ.{{efn|name=to the Khazars|Only the ''Lauretian Codex'' and ''[[Trinity Chronicle]]'' (now lost) wrote родомъ их[ъ] козаромъ, "to their clan [the] Khazars",{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.3}} suggesting that Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv were themselves Khazars. Only Bychkov 1872 accepted this reading.{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.3}} The ''Hypatian'' and ''Khlebnikov'' manuscripts had the words [въ го]род[ы] ихъ or д рѡд их in line 21.2 (suggesting that the inhabitants of Kyiv / the Polyanians were descended from the founding siblings rather than that the siblings were descended from the Khazars), but the ''[[Radziwiłł Chronicle]]'' and ''[[Academic Chronicle]]'' feature these words in neither place.{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.2–3}} Therefore, is impossible to say for certain whether these words were present in the original text (and if so, where); or whether they were only inserted later by copyists, but in different places; Ostrowski & Birnbaum concluded the latter.{{sfn|Ostrowski|Birnbaum|2014|loc=21.2–3}}}}
| дань козаром.{{efn|name=to the Khazars}}
| tribute to the Khazars.'{{efn|name=to the Khazars}}
|}
{{clear}}