Editing Laboratory mouse (section)

=== Mutant and transgenic strains ===
[[File:GFP Mice 01.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Two mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein under UV-illumination flanking one plain mouse from the non-transgenic parental line]]
[[File:Fatmouse.jpg|thumb|170px|Comparison of a knockout [[ob/ob mouse|obese mouse]] (left) and a normal laboratory mouse (right)]]

Various [[mutant]] strains of mice have been created by a number of methods. A small selection from the many available strains includes -
* Mice resulting from ordinary [[Reproduction|breeding]] and [[inbreeding]]:
** [[NOD mice|Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice]], which develop [[diabetes mellitus type 1]].
** [[Murphy Roths large]] (MRL) mice, with unusual [[Regeneration (biology)|regenerative]] capacities<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/002983.html |title=JAX Mice Database — 002983 MRL.CBAJms-Fas/J |work=Jaxmice.jax.org |publisher=[[Jackson Laboratory]] |location=Bar Harbor, Maine |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref>
** [[Japanese waltzing mice]], which walk in a circular pattern due to a mutation adversely affecting their inner [[ear]]s
** [[Immunodeficient]] [[Nude mouse|nude mice]], lacking hair and a [[thymus]]: these mice do not produce [[T lymphocyte]]s; therefore, they do not mount cellular immune responses. They are used for research in [[immunology]] and [[Organ transplant|transplantation]].
** [[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] (SCID) mice, with an almost completely defective [[immune system]]
** [[FVB mice]], whose large litter sizes and large oocyte pronuclei expedite use in genetic research
** {{visible anchor|Toxic milk mouse|text=[[Toxic milk mouse|Toxic milk mice]]}}, which fail to recruit nutrient copper into milk causing pup death. It is caused by an [[autosomal]] [[recessive (genetics)|recessive]] mutation ''[[tx (gene)|tx]]'' which arose in an inbred. Theophilos et al. 1996 found this to be genetic and localized to chromosome 8, near the [[centromere]].<ref name="Pierson-et-al-2019">{{cite journal | last1=Pierson | first1=Hannah | last2=Yang | first2=Haojun | last3=Lutsenko | first3=Svetlana | title=Copper Transport and Disease: What Can We Learn from Organoids? | journal=[[Annual Review of Nutrition]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=39 | issue=1 | date=2019-08-21 | issn=0199-9885 | doi=10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124242| pmc=7065453  | pages=75–94| pmid=31150593 }}</ref>
* [[Genetically modified mouse|Transgenic mice]], with foreign genes inserted into their genome:
** Abnormally large mice, with an inserted rat [[growth hormone]] gene
** [[Oncomouse|Oncomice]], with an activated [[oncogene]], so as to significantly increase the incidence of [[cancer]]
** [[Long-term potentiation#Spatial memory|Doogie mice]], with enhanced [[NMDA receptor]] function, resulting in improved memory and learning
* [[Knockout mouse|Knockout mice]], where a specific gene was made inoperable by a technique known as [[gene knockout]]: the purpose is to study the function of the gene's product or to simulate a human disease
** Obese mice, prone to obesity due to a carboxypeptidase E deficiency
** Strong muscular mice, with a disabled [[myostatin]] gene, nicknamed "mighty mice".

Since 1998, it has been possible to [[Cloning|clone]] mice from cells derived from adult animals.