Editing Labrador Retriever (section)

== Health ==
Labrador Retrievers have a predisposition to [[chronic hepatitis]].<ref name="hepatitis">{{cite journal | last=Bexfield | first=Nick | title=Canine Idiopathic Chronic Hepatitis | journal=Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice | volume=47 | issue=3 | date=2017 | doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.11.012 | pages=645–663| pmid=28063746 | url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40734/ }}</ref> One UK study found a 4.14 odds ratio.<ref name="hepatobiliary">{{cite journal | last1=Bandara | first1=Y. | last2=Bayton | first2=W. A. | last3=Williams | first3=T. L. | last4=Scase | first4=T. | last5=Bexfield | first5=N. H. | title=Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=62 | issue=9 | date=2021 | issn=0022-4510 | doi=10.1111/jsap.13354 | pages=730–736| pmid=34155648 }}</ref> Some studies report a predilection for Labrador Retriever bitches.<ref name="hepatitis"/> The reason for the predilection is unknown. Ideas proposed include it being hereditary<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Hoffmann | first1=G. | last2=van den Ingh | first2=T.S.G.A.M. | last3=Bode | first3=P. | last4=Rothuizen | first4=J. | title=Copper-Associated Chronic Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers | journal=Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | volume=20 | issue=4 | date=2006 | issn=0891-6640 | doi=10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01798.x | pages=856–861}}</ref> or environmental.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Johnston | first1=Andrea N. | last2=Center | first2=Sharon A. | last3=McDonough | first3=Sean P. | last4=Wakshlag | first4=Joseph J. | last5=Warner | first5=Karen L. | title=Hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers with and without chronic hepatitis: 72 cases (1980–2010) | journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | volume=242 | issue=3 | date=2013-02-01 | issn=0003-1488 | doi=10.2460/javma.242.3.372 | pages=372–380| pmid=23327181 }}</ref> The Labrador Retriever also shows a predisposition to other [[hepatobiliary]] diseases, including: reactive hepatitis, [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] [[hyperplasia]], and [[gall bladder disease]].<ref name="hepatobiliary"/>

A UK study found the breed's average life expectancy to be 13.1 years.<ref name=McMillan2024>{{Cite journal|last1=McMillan|first1=K. M.|last2=Bielby|first2=J.|last3=Williams|first3=C.L.|title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death|journal=Scientific Reports|year=2024|volume=14|issue=1 |page=531|doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w|pmid=38302530 |pmc=10834484|bibcode=2024NatSR..14..531M }}Supplementary Table 3</ref> A joint study by the [[Royal Veterinary College]] study and [[University of Sydney|The University of Sydney]], concluded that chocolate-coloured Labradors have a shorter average life expectancy than other colours of Labrador (by about 10%) and are more likely to suffer some health problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rvc.ac.uk/vetcompass/news/chocolate-labradors-have-shorter-lifespan-than-rest-of-breed|title=Chocolate Labradors have a shorter lifespan than rest of the breed|date=22 October 2018|website=VetCompassTM and [[The University of Sydney]] Study|publisher=[[Royal Veterinary College]]}}</ref> A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Roccaro | first1=Mariana | last2=Salini | first2=Romolo | last3=Pietra | first3=Marco | last4=Sgorbini | first4=Micaela | last5=Gori | first5=Eleonora | last6=Dondi | first6=Maurizio | last7=Crisi | first7=Paolo E. | last8=Conte | first8=Annamaria | last9=Dalla Villa | first9=Paolo | last10=Podaliri | first10=Michele | last11=Ciaramella | first11=Paolo | last12=Di Palma | first12=Cristina | last13=Passantino | first13=Annamaria | last14=Porciello | first14=Francesco | last15=Gianella | first15=Paola | last16=Guglielmini | first16=Carlo | last17=Alborali | first17=Giovanni L. | last18=Rota Nodari | first18=Sara | last19=Sabatelli | first19=Sonia | last20=Peli | first20=Angelo | title=Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy | journal=Preventive Veterinary Medicine | volume=225 | date=2024 | doi=10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 | page=106155| doi-access=free | pmid=38394961 | hdl=11585/961937 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found that 25% of Labrador Retrievers died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Egenvall | first1=A | last2=Bonnett | first2=Bn | last3=Hedhammar | first3=å | last4=Olson | first4=P | title=Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death | journal=Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | volume=46 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-30 | issn=1751-0147 | pmid=16261925 | pmc=1624818 | doi=10.1186/1751-0147-46-121 | doi-access=free | page=}}</ref>

Labradors are somewhat prone to [[Hip dysplasia (canine)|hip]] and [[elbow dysplasia]],<ref name="UPEI">{{cite web
 |title=Labrador Retriever
 |publisher=Canine Inherited Disorders Database
 |url=http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/breeds/labradorretriever2.htm
 |access-date=14 September 2007
|url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927174957/http://www.upei.ca/~cidd/breeds/labradorretriever2.htm
 |archive-date=27 September 2007
}}</ref> especially in larger dogs.<ref>Newton, C. D.; Nunamaker, D. M. (Eds.) "[http://www.ivis.org/special_books/ortho/chapter_83/IVIS.pdf Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927140411/http://www.ivis.org/special_books/ortho/chapter_83/IVIS.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}." Published by the International Veterinary Information Service (Riser, Rhodes and Newton). p. 2.</ref> Eye diseases may include [[progressive retinal atrophy]], [[cataracts]], [[Corneal dystrophies in dogs|corneal dystrophy]]<ref name="UPEI"/> and [[retinal dysplasia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Retinal Dysplasia/Oculoskeletal Dysplasia 1 |url=https://www.pawprintgenetics.com/products/tests/details/149/?breed=76#:~:text=Retinal%20dysplasia%2Foculoskeletal%20dysplasia%201%20is%20an%20inherited%20Collagen%20disorder,curved%20as%20the%20dog%20grows. |website=pawprintgenetics.com |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref> They can suffer from exercise induced collapse, which causes hyperthermia, weakness, collapse, and disorientation after short bouts of exercise,<ref name="taylor1">{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=SM |last2=Shmon |first2=CL |last3=Shelton |first3=GD |last4=Patterson |first4=EE |last5=Minor |first5=K |last6=Mickelson |first6=JR |title=Exercise Induced Collapse of Labrador Retrievers: Survey results and preliminary investigation of heritability |journal=J Am Anim Hosp Assoc |date=2008 |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=295–301|doi=10.5326/0440295 |pmid=18981194 }}</ref> or from [[obesity]], which in some cases may be partly due to the absence of part or all of the [[proopiomelanocortin]] gene.<ref name="Raffan">{{Cite journal|last=Raffan|first=Eleanor|date=10 May 2016|title=A Deletion in the Canine POMC Gene Is Associated with Weight and Appetite in Obesity-Prone Labrador Retriever Dogs|url= |journal=Cell Metabolism|volume=23|issue=5|doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.012|pmid=27157046|pages=893–900|pmc=4873617}}</ref><ref name="Freytas-tamura">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/world/what-in-the-world/dog-labrador-retriever-obesity.html|title=The Lab Results Are In: Genes Might Be to Blame for Retrievers' Obesity|last=Freytas-tamura|first=Kimiko De|date=5 July 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>

The Labrador Retriever is one of the more commonly affected breeds for [[progressive rod-cone degeneration]]. An [[autosomal recessive]] mutation in the [[PRCD]] gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.<ref>{{cite book |author1-first=James A.C. |author1-last=Oliver |author2-first=Cathryn S. |author2-last=Mellersh | editor1-first=Barbara | editor1-last=Cooper | editor2-first=Elizabeth |editor2-last=Mullineaux |editor3-first=Lynn | editor3-last=Turner |title=BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing |date=2020 |publisher=British Small Animal Veterinary Association |isbn=978-1-910-44339-2 |edition=Sixth|chapter=Genetics| page=131}}</ref>