Editing Layforce (section)

===Crete===
[[File:Wounded British troops disembarking.jpg|right|thumb|alt=A black and white photograph showing wounded British soldiers disembarking from a warship|Wounded British troops disembarking in Egypt after being evacuated from Crete]]
On 6 April 1941 the Germans invaded Greece; less than a month later, on 28 April, the last Allied troops evacuated, having been unable to stop the German advance. On 20 May a German airborne assault on Crete began.<ref>Clark 2000.</ref> The island fell to the Germans on 1 June; however, about a week before that there was still some hope that the tide could be turned. A decision was made to deploy the commandos from Layforce to the island to carry out raids on the German lines of communications with a view to either turning back the invasion or enabling an evacuation to take place.<ref name=Saunders55/>

On 25 May Layforce, consisting mainly of 'A' and 'D' Battalions with a detachment from 'B' Battalion ('C' Battalion (No. 11 (Scottish) Commando) had been sent to reinforce the garrison on [[Cyprus]] in case of a German invasion there), departed Alexandria and attempted to land on Crete.<ref>Parker 2000, p. 50.</ref> They were turned back by bad weather, however, and forced to return to Alexandria where they re-embarked upon the [[HMS Abdiel (M39)|''Abdiel'']] to make another attempt.<ref name=Saunders55/> On the night of 26/27 May they landed in [[Suda Bay]]. Almost as soon as they landed, it was decided that they could not be employed in an offensive role and would instead be used to cover the withdrawal route towards Sphakia to the south.<ref>Clark 2000, p. 165.</ref> As such, upon landing they were ordered to leave all their heavy equipment, including radios and transport, behind.<ref>Clark 2000, p. 166.</ref> This was a role that they were poorly equipped for, though, as they were lacking in the indirect-fire-support weapons such as mortars or artillery and were armed only very lightly, mainly with rifles and a few [[Bren light machine gun]]s.<ref name=Saunders55/>

Nevertheless, by sunrise on 27 May they had taken up a defensive position along the main road that led inland from Sphakia. From then until 31 May, they were engaged in carrying out a number of rearguard actions to enable the main body of troops to be taken off the beaches by the navy.<ref name=Saunders56>Saunders 1959, p. 56.</ref> Throughout the entire time they were almost constantly under aerial attack.<ref>Saunders 1959, pp. 55–56.</ref>

On 28 May the defenders began disengaging from the enemy and withdrawing along the pass through the central mountains that separated them from the port of Sphakia in the south.<ref>Clark 2000, p. 167.</ref> The defence of the pass fell to the Commandos along with two [[Australia]]n infantry battalions (the [[2/7th Battalion (Australia)|2/7th]] and [[2/8th Battalion (Australia)|2/8th Battalions]]) and the [[5th Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)|5th New Zealand Brigade]].<ref>Clark 2000, p. 168.</ref><ref>Parker 2000, p. 51.</ref> In the first two nights of the evacuation approximately 8,000 men were taken off, while on the third night, 30 May, covered by the Australians and Laycock's commandos, the New Zealanders were able to get off too.<ref>Clark 2000, p. 170.</ref>

For the commandos, the fighting was heaviest on that first day. During the height of the German attack on the pass, G Troop from 'A' Battalion (No. 7 Commando), under Lieutenant F. Nicholls, carried out a bayonet assault after a force of Germans took up a position on a hill on the Commando's left flank, from where they began to enfilade the entire position.<ref name=Saunders56/> Twice the Germans came at them and each time the attack was turned back by stubborn defence. Elsewhere that same day, however, Laycock's headquarters was ambushed; and in a rather confused action he and his [[brigade major]], Freddie Graham, commandeered a tank in which they returned to the main body.<ref name=Saunders56/>

By 31 May the evacuation was drawing to a close and the commandos, running low on ammunition, rations and water, fell back towards Sphakia too. Laycock and some of his headquarters, including his intelligence officer [[Evelyn Waugh]], managed to get out on the last ship to depart. The vast majority of the commandos were left behind on the island.<ref name=Saunders57>Saunders 1959, p. 57.</ref><ref name=Parker52>Parker 2000, p. 52.</ref> Although some of them were later able to make their own way back to Egypt, by the end of the operation about 600 of the 800 commandos sent to Crete were listed as killed, missing, or wounded. Only 23 officers and 156 others managed to get off the island.<ref name=Parker52/><ref name=Chappell16>Chappell 1996, p. 16.</ref>