Editing Lie (section)

==Great apes and mother birds==
Possession of the capacity to lie among non-humans has been asserted during language studies with [[Hominidae|great apes]]. In one instance, the gorilla [[Koko (gorilla)|Koko]], when asked who tore a sink from the wall, pointed to one of her handlers and then laughed.<ref name="Hanley2004">{{cite journal |last1=Hanley |first1=Elizabeth |title=Listening to Koko |journal=Commonweal Magazine |date=4 July 2004 |page=16 |url=http://www.elizabethhanly.com/clips/prfiles/10.%20Commonweal%20Magazine%20--Interview%20with%20Dr.%20Penny%20Patterson,who%20taught%20Koko%20the%20gorilla%20to%20use%20sign%20languag.pdf |access-date=7 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152429/http://www.elizabethhanly.com/clips/prfiles/10.%20Commonweal%20Magazine%20--Interview%20with%20Dr.%20Penny%20Patterson,who%20taught%20Koko%20the%20gorilla%20to%20use%20sign%20languag.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deceptive body language, such as feints that mislead as to the intended direction of attack or flight, is observed in many species. A mother bird deceives when she pretends to have a broken wing to divert the attention of a perceived predator&nbsp;– including unwitting humans&nbsp;– from the eggs in her nest, instead to her, as she draws the predator away from the location of the nest, most notably a trait of the [[killdeer]].<ref name="Ohio DNR">[http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/killdeer/tabid/6879/Default.aspx "Killdeer"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628163003/https://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species_a_to_z/SpeciesGuideIndex/killdeer/tabid/6879/Default.aspx |date=28 June 2011 }}. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 1 March 2011.</ref>