Editing Ligures (section)

=== Canegrate and Golasecca cultures ===
[[File:Cultura di Canegrate map.svg|thumb|Area of the [[Canegrate culture]]]]
The [[Canegrate culture]] (13th century BC) may represent the first migratory wave of the proto-Celtic<ref>Venceslas Kruta: ''La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza'', Newton & Compton, 2003, {{ISBN|88-8289-851-2}}, {{ISBN|978-88-8289-851-9}}</ref> population from the northwest part of the Alps that, through the [[Alpine passes]], penetrated and settled in the western [[Po River|Po]] valley between [[Lake Maggiore]] and [[Lake Como]] ([[Scamozzina culture]]). They brought a new [[funerary]] practice—[[cremation]]—which supplanted [[inhumation]]. It has also been proposed that a more ancient proto-Celtic presence can be traced back to the beginning of the Middle [[Bronze Age]] (16th-15th century BC), when north-western Italy appears closely linked regarding the production of bronze artifacts, including ornaments, to the western groups of the [[Tumulus culture]] ([[Central Europe]], 1600 BC - 1200 BC).<ref name=":2">"The Golasecca civilization is therefore the expression of the oldest [[Celts]] of Italy and included several groups that had the name of Insubres, Laevi, Lepontii, Oromobii (o Orumbovii)". (Raffaele C. De Marinis)</ref> The bearers of the Canegrate culture maintained its homogeneity for only a century, after which it melded with the Ligurian populations and with this union gave rise to a new phase called the [[Golasecca culture]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.fortunecity.it/zichin/gola5.jpg|title=>Maps of the Golasecca culture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033628/http://members.fortunecity.it/zichin/gola5.jpg|archive-date=2011-07-22|access-date=2010-08-10}}</ref><ref>G. Frigerio, ''Il territorio comasco dall'età della pietra alla fine dell'età del bronzo'', in ''Como nell'antichità'', Società Archeologica Comense, Como 1987.</ref> which is nowadays identified with the [[Lepontii]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Celts|last=Kruta|first=Venceslas|publisher=Thames and Hudson|year=1991|pages=52–56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/download/Stifter/oldcelt2008_2_lepontic.pdf|title=Old Celtic Languages|last=Stifter|first=David|year=2008|pages=24–37}}</ref> and other Celto-Ligurian tribes.<ref>{{cite web|quote=Ligurian and Celto-Ligurian tombs of the Lombard lakes region, often holding cremations, reveal a special iron culture called the culture of Golasecca.| url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/ancient-Italic-people/Other-Italic-peoples#ref63581| title=Other Italic peoples: The Ligurians| date=21 August 2024}}</ref>

Within the Golasecca culture territory roughly corresponds with the territories occupied by those tribal groups whose names are reported by Latin and Greek historians and geographers:<ref name=":2" />
* [[Insubres|Insubri]]: in the area south of Lake Maggiore, in Varese and part of Novara with Golasecca, Sesto Calende, Castelletto sopra Ticino; from the fifth century BC this area remains suddenly depopulated, while the first settlement of Mediolanum (Milan) rises.
* [[Lepontii|Leponti]]: in the [[Canton of Ticino]], with Bellinzona and Sopra Ceneri; in the Ossola.
* [[Orobii|Orobi]]: in the area of Como and Bergamo.
* [[Laevi]] and [[Marici (Ligures)|Marici]]: in Lomellina (Pavia/Ticinum).