Editing Linear B (section)

=== Ideograms ===

Linear B also uses a large number of [[ideogram]]s. They express:
* the type of object concerned (e.g. a cow, wool, a spear),
* a unit of measure.

They have no phonetic value and are never used as word signs in writing a sentence, unlike [[Japanese kanji]] or [[Hittite cuneiform]]. [[Ideogram]]s are typically at the end of a line before a number and appear to signify to which object the number applies. Many of the values remain unknown or disputed. Some commodities such as cloth and containers are divided into many different categories represented by distinct ideograms. Livestock may be marked with respect to sex.

The numerical references for the ideograms were originally devised by Ventris and Bennett and divided into functional groups corresponding to the breakdown of Bennett's index. The groups are numbered beginning 100, 110, 120 etc., with some provision of spare numbers for future additions; the official CIPEM numberings used today are based on Ventris and Bennett's numbering, with the provision that three or four letter codes (written in small capitals), based on Latin words that seemed relevant at the time, are used where the meanings are known and agreed. Unicode (as of version 5.0) encodes 123 Linear&nbsp;B ideograms.

The ideograms are symbols, not pictures of the objects in question; for example, one tablet records a [[tripod]] with missing legs, but the ideogram used is of a tripod with three legs. In modern transcriptions of Linear B tablets, it is typically convenient to represent an ideogram by its Latin or English name or by an abbreviation of the Latin name. Ventris and Chadwick generally used English; Bennett, Latin. Neither the English nor the Latin can be relied upon as an accurate name of the object; in fact, the identification of some of the more obscure objects is a matter of [[exegesis]].<ref>Chadwick, John, ''The Decipherment of Linear B'', 1958, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TD8YAlh_XHwC&q=tripod p.&nbsp;82].</ref>{{failed verification|reason=The cited page does not contain any of the claims found in this paragraph.|date=April 2024}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Ideograms
|-
! Glyph
! Code point<ref group="note">Note that the codes do not represent all [[glyph]]s, only the major ones.</ref>
! Bennett<ref>This table follows the numbering scheme worked out by Ventris and Bennett and presented in Ventris and Chadwick (1973) in the table of Figure 10, pages 50–51. The superscript a refers to Bennett's "Editio a", "a hand from [[Pylos]], of Class III". The superscript b refers to Bennett's "Editio b", "a hand of Knosses". The superscript c refers to Bennett's "Editio c", "a hand of Pylos, of Class I". The non-superscript letters represent the class of tablets, which precedes the individual tablet number; for example, Sa 787 is Tablet Number 787 of the class Sa, which concerns chariots and features the WHEEL ideogram.</ref>
! CIPEM<ref>Figure 10 in Ventris and Chadwick (1973) states only the English names of the ideograms where they exist, but the Latin is given where it exists in {{cite book |editor=Emmett L. Bennett Jr |title=Mycenaean Studies: Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium for Mycenaean Studies Held at "Wingspread," 4–8 September 1961 |year=1964 |location=Madison |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |pages=258–259}}, "Ideogrammatum Scripturae Mycenaeae Transcriptio". The "m" and "f" superscript are male and female.</ref>
! English<ref>Given in capital letters if it repeats Ventris and Chadwick (1973) Figure 10; otherwise, in lowercase. Note that not all the CIPEM glyphs appear in Figure 10.</ref>
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''People and animals'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |{{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂀}}
| U+10080
| 100<ref>Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 391: "100 MAN is now used for all forms of the ideogram, so that 101 and 103 are now suppressed."</ref> A-
| '''VIR'''<br />''vir''
| MAN
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |{{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂁}}
| U+10081
| 102 A-
| '''MUL'''<br />''mulier''
| WOMAN
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |{{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂂}}
| U+10082
| 104 Cn
| '''CERV'''<br />''cervus''
| DEER
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |{{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂃}}
| U+10083
| 105 Ca S-
| '''EQU'''<br />''equus''
| HORSE
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |{{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂄}}
| U+10084
| 105 Ca
| '''EQU'''<sup>f</sup>
| mare<ref>Ventris & Chadwick either edition do not follow the Wingspread Convention here but have 105<sup>a</sup> as a HE-ASS and 105<sup>c</sup> as a FOAL.</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂅}}
| U+10085
| 105 Ca
| '''EQU'''<sup>m</sup>
| stallion
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀥}}
| U+10025
| 106<br />''QI''<br />*21
| '''OVIS'''<br />''ovis''
| SHEEP
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀸}}
|
| <br />''WE''<br />*75
| '''we-ka-ta'''<br />''Bous ergatēs''
| "Adjunct to ox" (1973)<ref>The 1956 edition has "Kind of sheep".</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂆}}
| U+10086
| 106<sup>b</sup> C- D-
| '''OVIS'''<sup>f</sup>
| EWE
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂇}}
| U+10087
|  106<sup>a</sup> C- D-
| '''OVIS'''<sup>m</sup>
| RAM
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐁒}}
| U+10052
| 107<br />''RA''<br />*22
| '''CAP'''<br />''capra''
| GOAT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂈}}
| U+10088
| 107<sup>b</sup> C- Mc
| '''CAP'''<sup>f</sup>
| SHE-GOAT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂉}}
| U+10089
| 107<sup>a</sup> C-
| '''CAP'''<sup>m</sup>
| HE-GOAT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐁂}}
| U+10042
| 108<br />''AU''<br />*85 C-
| '''SUS'''<br />''sūs''
| PIG
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂊}}
| U+1008A
| 108<sup>b</sup> C-
| '''SUS'''<sup>f</sup>
| SOW
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂋}}
| U+1008B
| 108<sup>a</sup> C-
| '''SUS'''<sup>m</sup>
| BOAR
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀘}}
| U+10018
| 109<br />''MU''<br />*23 C-
| '''BOS'''<br />''bōs''
| OX
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂌}}
| U+1008C
| 109<sup>b</sup> C-
| '''BOS'''<sup>f</sup>
| COW
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂍}}
| U+1008D
| 109<sup>a</sup> C-
| '''BOS'''<sup>m</sup>
| OX/BULL
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Units of measurement'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄿
|U+1013F
| 110
|'''Z'''<br />''kotylai''
| Volume<br />''Cup''<ref>Chadwick (1976) page 105.</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄾
|U+1013E
| 111
|'''V'''<br />''khoinikes''
| Volume
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄼
|U+1013C
| 112
| '''T'''
| Dry
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄽
|U+1013D
| 113
| '''S'''
| Liquid
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄻
|U+1013B
| 114
|
| Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
|*21
|
|Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
|*2
|
|Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄺
|U+1013A
| 115
| '''P'''
| Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄹
|U+10139
| 116
| '''N'''
| Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄸
|U+10138
| 117
| '''M'''<br />''dimnaion''<ref>"Double mina", Chadwick (1976) page 102.</ref>
| Weight
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |𐄷
|U+10137
| 118
| '''L'''<br />''talanton''
| TALENT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| *72 G-
|
| Bunch?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| *74 S-
|
| Pair
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| *15 S-
|
| Single
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| *61
|
| Deficit
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''By dry measure'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |  {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂎}}
| U+1008E
| 120 E- F-
| '''GRA'''<br />''grānum''
| WHEAT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂏}}
|  U+1008F
| 121 F-
| '''HORD'''<br />''hordeum''
| BARLEY
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂐}}
|  U+10090
| 122 F- U-
| '''OLIV'''<br />''olīva''
| [[Olive|OLIVES]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀛}}
|  U+1001B
| ''NI''<br />*30 F
| '''FICUS'''
| FIGS
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀎}}
|  U+1000E
| *65
| '''FARINA'''
| FLOUR<br />"some kind of grain"<ref>Ventris & Chadwick (1973) page 392.</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂑}}
|  U+10091
| 123 G- Un
| '''AROM'''<br />''arōma''
| CONDIMENT / SPICE
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| ''KO''<br />*70 G-
|
| [[Coriander]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐀭}}
| U+1002D
| ''SA''<br />*31 G-
|
| [[Sesame]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| ''KU''<br />*81 G-
|
| [[Cumin]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| ''SE''<br />*9 G-
|
| [[Celery]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| ''MA''<br />*80 G-
|
| [[Fennel]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| 124 G-
| '''PYC'''
| [[Cyperus papyrus|cyperus]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂒}}
|  U+10092
| 125 F-
| '''CYP'''
| cyperus?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" |
|
| 126 F-
| '''CYP'''+'''KU'''
| cyperus+''ku''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂓}}
|  U+10093
| 127 Un
| '''KAPO'''
| fruit?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂔}}
|  U+10094
| 128 G-
| '''KANAKO'''
| [[safflower]]
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''By liquid measure'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂕}}
|  U+10095
| 130
| '''OLE'''<br />ŏlĕum
| [[oil]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂖}}
|  U+10096
| 131
| '''VIN'''<br />vinum
| wine
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂘}}
|  U+10098
| 133
|
| [[unguent]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐂙}}
|  U+10099
| 135
|
| honey
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''By weight'''
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''By weight or in units'''
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Counted in units'''
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Vessels'''<ref>Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 324 has a separate table.</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃟}}
|  U+100DF
| 200
| <br />''sartāgo''
| BOILING PAN
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃠}}
|  U+100E0
| 201
| '''TRI'''<br />''tripūs''
| TRIPOD CAULDRON
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃡}}
|  U+100E1
| 202
| <br />''pōculum''
| GOBLET?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃢}}
|  U+100E2
| 203
| <br />''urceus''
| [[Pithos|WINE JAR]]?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃣}}
|  U+100E3
| 204 Ta
| <br />''hirnea''
| EWER
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃤}}
|  U+100E4
| 205 K Tn
| <br />''hirnula''
| JUG
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃥}}
|  U+100E5
| 206
| '''HYD'''<br />''hydria''
| [[Hydria|HYDRIA]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃦}}
|  U+100E6
| 207
|
| TRIPOD AMPHORA
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃧}}
|  U+100E7
| 208
| '''PAT'''<br />''patera''
| BOWL
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃨}}
|  U+100E8
| 209
| '''AMPH'''<br />''amphora''
| [[Amphora|AMPHORA]]
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃩}}
|  U+100E9
| 210
|
| STIRRUP JAR
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃪}}
|  U+100EA
| 211
|
| WATER BOWL?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃫}}
|  U+100EB
| 212
| '''SIT'''<br />''situla''
| WATER JAR?
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃬}}
|  U+100EC
| 213
| '''LANX'''<br />''lanx''
| COOKING BOWL
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Furniture'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃄}}
|  U+100C4
| 220 Ta
| <br />''scamnum''
| FOOTSTOOL
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃅}}
|  U+100C5
| 225
| '''ALV'''<br />''alveus''
|
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Weapons'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃆}}
|  U+100C6
| 230 R
| '''HAS'''<br />''hasta''
| SPEAR
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃇}}
|  U+100C7
| 231 R
| '''SAG'''<br />''sagitta''
| ARROW
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃈}}
|  U+100C8
| 232 Ta
| *''232''
| AXE
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃉}}
|  U+100C9
| 233 Ra
|
| DAGGER
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃊}}
|  U+100CA
| 234
| '''GLA'''<br />''gladius''
| SWORD
|-
| colspan=5 align=center | '''Chariots'''
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃌}}
|  U+100CC
| 240 Sc
| '''BIG'''<br />''[[biga (chariot)|biga]]''
| WHEELED CHARIOT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃍}}
|  U+100CD
| 241 Sd Se
| '''CUR'''<br />''currus''
| WHEEL-LESS CHARIOT
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃎}}
|  U+100CE
| 242 Sf Sg
| '''CAPS'''<br />''capsus''
| CHARIOT FRAME
|-
| style="font-size: 200%;" | {{Lang|gmy-Linb|𐃏}}
|  U+100CF
| 243 Sa So
| '''ROTA'''<br />''rota''
| WHEEL
|-
|}