Editing Long and short scales (section)

==Current usage==
[[File:EScalas corta y larga.svg|thumb|center|650px|Short and long scale usage throughout the world{{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}
{{Legend|#bee6a0|Long scale}}
{{Legend|#3b4e93|Short scale}}
{{Legend|#0088ab|Short scale with milliard instead of billion}}
{{Legend|#30bead|Both scales}}
{{Legend|#fc8d62|Other naming system}}
{{Legend|#E0E0E0|No data}}
{{div col end}}]]

===Short scale users===
====English-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, one million; 10<sup>9</sup>, one billion; 10<sup>12</sup>, one trillion; etc.''}}

Most English-language countries and regions use the short scale with 10<sup>9</sup> being ''billion''. For example:{{#tag:ref|'''English language countries''': Apart from the United States, the long scale was used for centuries in many English language countries before being superseded in recent times by short scale usage. Because of this history, some long scale use persists<ref name="nielsen" /> and the official status of the short scale in anglophone countries other than the UK and US is sometimes obscure.<ref name="Smith" /> |group="shortscale note"}}

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* {{AUS}}{{#tag:ref|'''Australian usage''': In Australia, education, media outlets, and literature all use the short scale in line with other English-speaking countries. The current recommendation by the Australian Government Department of Finance and Deregulation (formerly known as AusInfo), and the legal definition, is the short scale.<ref name="rba">
{{cite web
 |title= RBA: Definition of billion
 |publisher= [[Reserve Bank of Australia]]
 |url= http://www.rba.gov.au/glossary/index.html?search=billion
 |access-date= 22 August 2011}}
</ref> As recently as 1999, the same department did not consider short scale to be standard, but only used it occasionally. Some documents use the term ''thousand million'' for 10<sup>9</sup> in cases where two amounts are being compared using a common unit of one 'million'. |group="shortscale note"}}<ref name="rba" />
* {{CAN}} (English-speaking) ''see'' [[#Using both|Using both]] ''below''
* {{IRL}} (English-speaking, {{langx|ga|billiún}}, ''trilliún'')
* {{UK}}{{#tag:ref|'''British usage''': ''Billion'' has meant 10<sup>9</sup> in most sectors of official published writing for many years now. The [[UK government]], the [[BBC]], and most other broadcast or published [[mass media]], have used the short scale in all contexts since the mid-1970s.<ref name="haroldwilson" /><ref name="odonnell" /><ref name="blastland">{{Cite news
 |work= BBC
 |title= BBC News: Who wants to be a trillionaire?
 |date= 7 May 2007
 |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/more_or_less/6625545.stm
 |access-date= 11 May 2010
}}</ref><ref name="comrie" />{{paragraph break}} Before the widespread use of ''billion'' for 10<sup>9</sup>, UK usage generally referred to ''thousand million'' rather than milliard.<ref name="oxford" /> The long scale term ''milliard'', for 10<sup>9</sup>, is obsolete in British English, though its derivative, ''yard'', is still used as slang in the London money, foreign exchange, and bond markets. |group="shortscale note"}}<ref name="haroldwilson" /><ref name="odonnell" /><ref name="blastland" /><ref name="comrie" /><ref name="oxford" />
* {{USA}}{{#tag:ref|'''American usage''': In the United States, the short scale has been taught in school since the early 19th century. It is therefore used exclusively.<ref name="cambridge-billion">{{cite encyclopedia
 |title= billion
 |encyclopedia= Cambridge Dictionaries Online
 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url= http://dictionaries.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=billion*1+0&amp;dict=A
 |access-date= 21 August 2011
 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="cambridge-trillion">{{cite web
 |title= trillion
 |work= Cambridge Dictionaries Online
 |publisher= Cambridge University Press
 |url= http://dictionaries.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=trillion*1+0&amp;dict=A
 |access-date= 21 August 2011
 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |group="shortscale note"}}<ref name="cambridge-billion" /><ref name="cambridge-trillion" />
{{div col end}}

====Arabic-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:مليون|مَلْيُوْن]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|malyoon}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:مليار|مِلْيَار]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|milyar}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:ترليون|تِرِلْيُوْن]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|tirilyoon}}; etc.''}}

Most [[Arabic language|Arabic-language]] countries and regions use the short scale with 10<sup>9</sup> being {{lang|ar|مليار|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|milyar}}, except for a few countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE which use the word بليون {{lang|ar-Latn|billion}} for 10<sup>9</sup>. For example:{{#tag:ref|'''Arabic language countries''': Most Arabic-language countries use: ''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:مليون|مليون]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|million}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:مليار|مليار]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|milyar}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|ar|[[:ar:ترليون|ترليون]]|rtl=yes}} {{lang|ar-Latn|trilyon}}; etc.''<ref name="Arabic milyar">{{cite web
 |title= Al Jazem English-Arabic online dictionary: Billion
 |work= Al Jazem English-Arabic online dictionary
 |publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
 |url= http://www.aljazem.com/en/billion
 |access-date= 6 June 2012
}}</ref><ref name="Arabic trillion">{{cite web
 |title= Al Jazem English-Arabic online dictionary:Trillion
 |work= Al Jazem English-Arabic online dictionary
 |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica
 |url= http://www.aljazem.com/en/trillion
 |access-date= 6 June 2012}}
</ref> |group="shortscale note"}}<ref name="Arabic milyar" /><ref name="Arabic trillion" />

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* {{DZA}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{IRQ}}
* {{MAR}}
* {{SAU}}
* {{ARE}}
{{div col end}}

====Other short scale====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, one million; 10<sup>9</sup>, one milliard or one billion; 10<sup>12</sup>, one trillion; etc.''}}

Other countries also use a word similar to ''trillion'' to mean 10<sup>12</sup>, etc. Whilst a few of these countries like English use a word similar to ''billion'' to mean 10<sup>9</sup>, most like Arabic have kept a traditionally long scale word similar to ''milliard'' for 10<sup>9</sup>. Some examples of short scale use, and the words used for 10<sup>9</sup> and 10<sup>12</sup>, are

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* {{BRA}} ([[Brazilian Portuguese]]: {{lang|pt|[[:pt:bilhão|bilhão]]}}, {{lang|pt|[[:pt:trilhão|trilhão]]}})
* {{INA}} ({{lang|id|[[:id:Miliar|miliar]]}}, {{lang|id|[[:id:Triliun|triliun]]}}){{#tag:ref|'''Indonesian usage''': Large numbers are common in Indonesia, in part because its currency ([[Indonesian rupiah|rupiah]]) is generally expressed in large numbers (the lowest common circulating denomination is Rp100 with Rp1000 is considered as base unit). The term {{lang|id|juta}}, equivalent to ''million'' (10<sup>6</sup>), is generally common in daily life. Indonesia officially employs the term {{lang|id|miliar}} (derived from the long scale Dutch word {{lang|nl|miljard}}) for the number 10<sup>9</sup>, with no exception. For 10<sup>12</sup> and greater, Indonesia follows the short scale, thus 10<sup>12</sup> is named {{lang|id|triliun}}. The term {{lang|id|seribu miliar}} (a thousand milliards) or more rarely {{lang|id|sejuta juta}} (a million millions) or {{lang|id|sejuta berkali-kali}} (a millions after a million or a millions over a million) are also used for 10<sup>12</sup> less often. Terms greater than {{lang|id|triliun}} are not very familiar to Indonesians.<ref name="indonesia">Robson S. O. (Stuart O.), Singgih Wibisono, Yacinta Kurniasih. ''Javanese English dictionary'' Tuttle Publishing: 2002, {{ISBN|0-7946-0000-X}}, 821 pages</ref>|group="shortscale note"}}<ref name="indonesia" />
* {{ISR}} ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: {{lang|he|[[:he:מיליארד|מיליארד]]}} {{lang|he-Latn|milyard}}, {{lang|he|[[:he:טריליון|טריליון]]}} {{lang|he-Latn|trilyon}})
* {{RUS}} ({{lang|ru|[[:ru:Миллиард|миллиард]]}} {{lang|ru-Latn|milliard}}, {{lang|ru|[[:ru:Триллион|триллион]]}} {{lang|ru-Latn|trillion}})
* {{TUR}} ({{lang|tr|[[:tr:milyar|milyar]]}}, {{lang|tr|[[:tr:trilyon|trilyon]]}})
{{div col end}}

===Long scale users===
The long scale is used by most [[Continental Europe]]an countries and by most other countries whose languages derive from Continental Europe (with the notable exceptions of Albania, Greece, Romania,<ref name="romanian">{{citation|title=May We Introduce the Romanian Language to You?|first1=Mioara|last1=Avram|first2=Marius|last2=Sala|publisher=Editura Fundatiei Culturale Române|year=2000|isbn=9789735772246|page=151|quote=the numeral ''miliard'' "billion"}}</ref> and Brazil). These countries use a word similar to ''billion'' to mean 10<sup>12</sup>. Some use a word similar to ''milliard'' to mean 10<sup>9</sup>, while others use a word or phrase equivalent to ''thousand millions''.

====Dutch-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{Lang|nl|[[:nl:miljoen|miljoen]]}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{Lang|nl|[[:nl:miljard|miljard]]}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{Lang|nl|[[:nl:biljoen|biljoen]]}}; etc.''}}
Most [[Dutch language|Dutch-language]] countries and regions use the long scale with 10<sup>9</sup> =  {{Lang|nl|miljard}}.<ref>{{cite web
 |title= De Geïntegreerde Taal-Bank: miljard
 |publisher=  Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie
 |url= http://www.wnt.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WFT&id=63043&lemmodern=miljard
 |language= nl
 |access-date= 19 August 2011
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |title= De Geïntegreerde Taal-Bank: biljoen
 |publisher= Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie
 |url= http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WFT&id=8253&lemmodern=biljoen
 |language= nl
 |access-date= 19 August 2011
}}</ref>

====French-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|fr|[[:fr:million|million]]}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|fr|[[:fr:milliard|milliard]]}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|fr|[[:fr:billion|billion]]}}; etc.''}}

Most [[French language|French-language]] countries and regions use the long scale with 10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|fr|milliard}}, for example:{{#TAG:REF|'''French usage''': France, with Italy, was one of two European countries which converted from the long scale to the short scale during the 19th century, but returned to the original long scale during the 20th century. In 1961, the French Government confirmed their long scale status.<ref name="fr_gov" /><ref name="larousse-milliard">{{cite web|title=French Larousse: milliard|publisher=[[Éditions Larousse]]|url=http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/french/milliard|language=fr|access-date=19 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318130447/http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/french/milliard|archive-date=18 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="larousse-billion">{{cite web|title=French Larousse: billion|publisher=Éditions Larousse|url=http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/french/billion|language=fr|access-date=19 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318130500/http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/french/billion|archive-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> However the 9th edition of the dictionary of the {{lang|fr|italic=no|[[Académie française]]}} describes {{lang|fr|billion}} as an outdated synonym of {{lang|fr|milliard}}, and says that the new meaning of 10<sup>12</sup> was decreed in 1961, but never caught on.<ref name=AF9-billion>{{cite encyclopedia
 |title= billion
 |edition= 9th
 |encyclopedia=Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
 |language=fr
 |publisher= [[Académie française]]
 |year= 1992
 |url= http://atilf.atilf.fr/dendien/scripts/generic/cherche.exe?15;s=802200930;;
 |access-date= 17 January 2016
 |quote= BILLION (les deux l se prononcent sans mouillure) n. m. XVe siècle, byllion, « un million de millions »; XVIe siècle, « mille millions ». Altération arbitraire de l'initiale de million, d'après la particule latine bi-, « deux fois ». <br>Rare. Mille millions. Syn. vieilli de Milliard. Selon un décret de 1961, le mot Billion a reçu une nouvelle valeur, à savoir un million de millions (10<sup>12</sup>), qui n'est pas entrée dans l'usage.|trans-quote=BILLION (the two Ls are pronounced without palatalisation) masculine noun. Spelled ''byllion'' in the 15th century when it meant ''a million millions''; in the 16th century it meant ''a thousand millions''. It is an arbitrary alteration of the start of ''million'' by inserting the Latin prefix ''bi-'', meaning ''twice''. Now rarely used. It means ''a thousand millions''. It is an outdated synonym of ''Milliard''. According to a decree of 1961, the word ''Billion'' received a new value, to wit a million millions (10<sup>12</sup>), which has not come into common usage.
 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |group="longscale note"}}<ref name="larousse-milliard" /><ref name="larousse-billion" />

* {{CAN}} ([[Canadian French]])  ''see'' [[#Using both|Using both]] ''below''
* {{FRA}}

====German-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|de|Million}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|de|Milliarde}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|de|Billion}}; etc.''}}
German-language countries and regions use the long scale with 10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|de|Milliarde}}.

====Portuguese-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|pt|[[:pt:milhão|milhão]]}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|pt|[[:pt:mil milhões|mil milhões]]}} ''or'' {{lang|pt|milhar de milhões}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|pt|[[:pt:bilião|bilião]]}}''}}

With the notable exception of Brazil, a short scale country, most [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-language]] countries and regions use the long scale with 10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|pt|mil milhões}} ''or'' {{lang|pt|milhar de milhões}}.

====Spanish-speaking====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, {{lang|es|[[:es:millón|millón]]}}; 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|es|[[:es:mil millones|mil millones]]}} or {{lang|es|[[:es:millardo|millardo]]}}; 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|es|[[:es:billón|billón]]}}; etc.''}}

Most [[Spanish language|Spanish-language]] countries and regions use the long scale, for example:{{#tag:ref|'''Spanish language countries''': Spanish-speaking countries sometimes use {{lang|es|millardo}} (milliard)<ref name="dudas-millardo">
{{cite web
 |title= Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas: millardo
 |publisher= [[Real Academia Española]]
 |language= es
 |url= http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltConsulta?lema=millardo
 |access-date= 19 August 2011
}}</ref> for 10<sup>9</sup>, but {{lang|es|mil millones}} (thousand millions) is used more frequently. The word {{lang|es|billón}} is sometimes used in the short scale sense in those countries more influenced by the United States, where "billion" means "one thousand millions". The usage of {{lang|es|billón}} to mean "one thousand millions", controversial from the start, was denounced by the Royal Spanish Academy as recently as 2010,<ref name="real1">
{{cite web
 |title= Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas: billon
 |publisher= Real Academia Española
 |language= es
 |url= http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltConsulta?lema=billon
 |access-date= 24 July 2010}}
</ref> but was finally accepted in a later version of the official dictionary as standard usage among educated Spanish speakers in the United States (including Puerto Rico).<ref name="real2">
{{cite web
 |title= Diccionario de la lengua española
 |publisher= Real Academia Española
 |language= es
 |url= http://dle.rae.es/?id=5WQzD1r
 |access-date= 2 July 2018}}
</ref>|group="longscale note"}}<ref name="dudas-millardo" /><ref name="real1" />

* {{ARG}}
* {{MEX}} ({{lang|es|mil millones}} or {{lang|es|millardo}})
* {{ESP}} ({{lang|es|millardo}} or typ. {{lang|es|mil millones}})

====Other long scale====
{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, one million; 10<sup>9</sup>, one milliard or one thousand million; 10<sup>12</sup>, one billion; etc.''}}

Some examples of long scale use, and the words used for 10<sup>9</sup> and 10<sup>12</sup>, are

* {{IRN}} ([[Persian language|Persian]]: [[:fa:میلیارد|میلیارد]] {{lang|fa|miliyard}}, [[:fa:بیلیون|بیلیون]] {{lang|fa|billion}}, [[:fa:تریلیون|تریلیون]] {{lang|fa|trillion}}) {{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
* {{ITA}} ({{lang|it|[[:it:miliardo|miliardo]]}}, {{lang|it|[[:it:bilione|bilione]]}}) {{#tag:ref|'''Italian usage''': Italy, with France, was one of the two European countries which partially converted from the long scale to the short scale during the 19th century, but returned to the original long scale in the 20th century. In 1994, the Italian Government confirmed its long scale status.<ref name="it_gov" /> In Italian, the word {{lang|it|bilione}} officially means 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|it|trilione}} means 10<sup>18</sup>, etc. Colloquially, {{lang|it|bilione}}<ref name="larousse-billione">{{cite web|title=Italian-English Larousse: bilione|publisher=Éditions Larousse|url=http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/italian-english/bilione/5726|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318130613/http://www.larousse.com/en/dictionaries/italian-english/bilione/5726|archive-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> can mean both 10<sup>9</sup> and 10<sup>12</sup>; {{lang|it|trilione}} {{citation needed|date=July 2011}} can mean both 10<sup>12</sup> and (rarer) 10<sup>18</sup> and so on. Therefore, in order to avoid ambiguity, they are seldom used. Forms such as {{lang|it|miliardo}} (milliard) for 10<sup>9</sup>, {{lang|it|mille miliardi}} (a thousand milliards) for 10<sup>12</sup>, {{lang|it|un milione di miliardi}} (a million milliards) for 10<sup>15</sup>, {{lang|it|un miliardo di miliardi}} (a milliard of milliards) for 10<sup>18</sup>, {{lang|it|mille miliardi di miliardi}} (a thousand milliard of milliards) for 10<sup>21</sup> are more common.<ref name="it_gov" /> |group="longscale note"}}<ref name="it_gov" /><ref name="larousse-billione" />
* {{POL}} ({{lang|pl|[[:pl:miliard|miliard]]}}, {{lang|pl|[[:pl:bilion|bilion]]}})
* {{CHE}} (French: {{lang|fr|milliard}}, {{lang|fr|billion}}; [[Swiss Standard German|German]]: {{lang|de|Milliarde}}, {{lang|de|Billion}}; Italian: {{lang|it|miliardo}}, {{lang|it|bilione}}; [[Romansh language|Romansh]]: {{lang|rm|milliarda}}, {{lang|rm|billiun}}<ref>{{cite web
 |title= Switzerland: Words and Phrases
 |publisher= TRAMsoft Gmbh
 |date= 29 August 2009
 |url= http://www.about.ch/culture/languages/words_n_phrases.html#numbers
 |access-date= 15 August 2011}}</ref>)

===Using both===
Some countries use either the short or long scales, depending on the internal language being used or the context.

{{block indent|''10<sup>6</sup>, one million; 10<sup>9</sup>, '''either''' one billion (short scale) '''or''' one milliard / thousand million (long scale); 10<sup>12</sup>, '''either''' one trillion (short scale) '''or''' one billion (long scale), etc.''}}

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! Country or territory
! Short scale usage
! Long scale usage
|-
|{{CAN}}{{#tag:ref|'''Canadian usage''': Both scales are in use currently in Canada. English-speaking regions use the short scale exclusively, while French-speaking regions use the long scale, though the Canadian government standards website recommends that in French {{lang|fr|billion}} and {{lang|fr|trillion}} be avoided, recommending {{lang|fr|milliard}} for 10<sup>9</sup>, and {{lang|fr|mille milliards}} (a thousand milliards) for 10<sup>12</sup>.<ref>
{{cite web
 |title= Canadian government standards website
 |publisher= [[Canadian Government]]
 |year= 2010
 |url= http://btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-eng.html?lang=eng&i=&index=frt&__index=frt&srchtxt=billion&comencsrch.x=12&comencsrch.y=10
 |access-date= 15 September 2010}}
</ref> |group="shortscale longscale note"}}
|[[Canadian English]] (10<sup>9</sup> = ''billion'', 10<sup>12</sup> = ''trillion'')
|[[Canadian French]] (10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|fr|[[:fr:milliard|milliard]]}}, 10<sup>12</sup> = {{lang|fr|[[:fr:billion|billion]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.granddictionnaire.com/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=8872290 |title=billion |publisher=Granddictionnaire.com |date=13 May 2013 |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> or {{lang|fr|[[:fr:mille milliards|mille milliards]]}}).
|-
|{{unbulleted list|{{MUS}}|{{SYC}}|{{VUT}}}}
|English (10<sup>9</sup> = ''billion'', 10<sup>12</sup> = ''trillion'')
|French (10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|fr|milliard}}, 10<sup>12</sup> = {{lang|fr|billion}})
|-
|{{unbulleted list|{{NAM}}|{{RSA}} {{#tag:ref|'''South African usage''': South Africa uses both the long scale (in Afrikaans and sometimes English) and the short scale (in English). Unlike the 1974 UK switch, the switch from long scale to short scale took time. {{As of|2011}} most English language publications use the short scale. Some Afrikaans publications briefly attempted usage of the "American System" but that has led to comment in the papers<ref>{{cite web |url= http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2008/02/20/B1/14/01milbiltril.html |title= Taalkommissie se reaksie op biljoen, triljoen |language= af |publisher= [[Naspers]]: [[Media24]] |access-date= 16 July 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140714224334/http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2008/02/20/B1/14/01milbiltril.html |archive-date= 14 July 2014 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> and has been disparaged by the {{lang|af|"[[Die Taalkommissie|Taalkommissie]]"}} (The Afrikaans Language Commission of the South African Academy of Science and Art)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/2009/07/13/SK/9/BBfpistorAWS.html |title='Groen boek': mooiste, beste, gebruikersvriendelikste |language=af |publisher=Naspers:Media24 |access-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714134302/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dieburger/2009/07/13/SK/9/BBfpistorAWS.html |archive-date=14 July 2014  }}</ref> and has thus, to most appearances, been abandoned. |group="shortscale longscale note"}}}}
|[[South African English]] (10<sup>9</sup> = ''billion'', 10<sup>12</sup> = ''trillion'')
|[[Afrikaans]] (10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|af|[[:af:miljard|miljard]]}}, 10<sup>12</sup> = {{lang|af|[[:af:biljoen|biljoen]]}})
|-
|{{PRI}}<!--<br>a Spanish-speaking [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|US Commonwealth]] territory-->
|Economic and technical (10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|es|billón}}, 10<sup>12</sup> = {{lang|es|trillón}})
|Latin American export publications (10<sup>9</sup> = {{lang|es|millardo}} or {{lang|es|mil millones}}, 10<sup>12</sup> = {{lang|es|billón}})
|}

===Using neither===
The following countries use naming systems for large numbers that are not etymologically related to the short and long scales:

{| class="wikitable" 
! Country
! Number system
! Naming of large numbers
|-
|{{BGD}}<br>{{IND}}<br>{{MDV}}<br>{{NPL}}<br>{{PAK}}||[[Indian numbering system]]||Traditional system for everyday use, but short or long scale may also be in use {{#tag:ref|'''Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi usage''': Outside of financial media, the use of ''billion'' by Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani English speakers highly depends on their educational background. Some may continue to use the traditional British long scale. In everyday life, Bangladeshis, Indians and Pakistanis largely use their own common number system, commonly referred to as the [[Indian numbering system]] – for instance, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and [[Indian English]] commonly use the words ''[[lakh]]'' to denote ''100 thousand'', ''[[crore]]'' to denote ''ten million'' (i.e. 100 lakhs) and ''[[arab (number)|arab]]'' to denote ''thousand million''.<ref>{{Cite book
 |last= Gupta
 |first= S.V.
 |title= Units of measurement: past, present and future: international system of units
 |publisher= [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]
 |year= 2010
 |pages= 12 (Section 1.2.8 Numeration)
 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&q=crore%20lakh%20arab&pg=PA12
 |isbn= 978-3642007385
 |access-date= 22 August 2011}}
</ref> <!-- no blogs here, please --> |group="other scale note"}}
|-
|{{BTN}} || [[Dzongkha numerals]] || Traditional system
|-
|{{KHM}} || [[Khmer numbers|Khmer numerals]] || Traditional system
|-
|{{unbulleted list|{{PRC}}|{{ROC}}|{{KOR}}|{{PRK}}|{{JPN}}}} || East Asian numbering system: {{unbulleted list|[[Chinese numerals#Large numbers|Chinese numerals]]|[[Korean numerals]]|[[Japanese numerals#Powers of 10|Japanese numerals]]}} || Traditional [[myriad]] system for the larger numbers; special words and symbols up to 10<sup>68</sup>
|-
|{{GRE}} || Calque of the short scale || Names of the short scale have not been loaned but [[calque]]d into [[Greek language|Greek]], based on the native Greek word for million, <!--[[:el:εκατομμύριο|εκατομμύριο]]-->{{lang|el|εκατομμύριο}} {{lang|el-Latn|ekatommyrio}} ("hundred-[[myriad]]", i.e. 100&nbsp;×&nbsp;10,000):
*<!--[[:el:δισεκατομμύριο|δισεκατομμύριο]]-->{{lang|el|δισεκατομμύριο}} {{lang|el-Latn|disekatommyrio}} "bi+hundred-myriad" = 10<sup>9</sup> (short scale billion)
*<!--[[:el:τρισεκατομμύριο|τρισεκατομμύριο]]-->{{lang|el|τρισεκατομμύριο}} {{lang|el-Latn|trisekatommyrio}} "tri+hundred-myriad" = 10<sup>12</sup> (short scale trillion)
*{{lang|el|[[:el:τετράκις εκατομμύριο|τετράκις εκατομμύριο]]}} {{lang|el|tetrakis ekatommyrio}} "quadri+hundred-myriad" = 10<sup>15</sup> (short scale quadrillion), and so on.<ref name="Foundalis">{{cite web
 |last= Foundalis
 |first= Harry
 |title= Greek Numbers and Numerals (Ancient and Modern)
 |url= http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grknum.htm
 |access-date= 20 May 2007}}
</ref>
|-
|{{LAO}} || [[Lao numerals]] || Traditional system
|-
|{{MNG}} || [[Mongolian numerals]] || Traditional [[myriad]] system for the larger numbers; special words up to 10<sup>67</sup>
|-
|{{LKA}}<!--Sri Lanka--> || {{unbulleted list|[[Sinhala numerals]]|[[Tamil numerals]]}} || Traditional systems
|-
|{{THA}} || [[Thai numerals]] || Traditional system based on millions
|-
|{{VNM}} || [[Vietnamese numerals]] || Traditional system(s) based on thousands
|}

=== By continent ===
The long and short scales are both present on most continents, with usage dependent on the language used. For example:

{| class="wikitable"
!Continent
!Short scale usage
!Long scale usage
|-
|'''[[Africa]]'''
|Arabic (Egypt, Libya),  South African English
|French (Benin, Guinea), Portuguese (Mozambique)
|-
|'''[[North America]]'''
|American English, Canadian English
|[[Canadian French]], [[Mexican Spanish]], [[Spanish language in the United States|U.S. Spanish]]
|-
|'''[[South America]]'''
|Brazilian Portuguese, English ([[Guyana]])
|[[Spanish language in the Americas|American Spanish]], Dutch ([[Suriname]]), French ([[French Guiana]])
|-
|'''[[Antarctica#Territorial claims|Antarctica]]'''
|[[Australian English]], British English, [[New Zealand English]], Russian
|American Spanish (Argentina, Chile), French (France), Norwegian (Norway)
|-
|'''[[Asia]]'''
|Hebrew (Israel), [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Philippine English]]
|[[Persian language|Persian]] (Iran), [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (East Timor, Macau)
|-
|'''[[Europe]]'''
|British English, Russian, Turkish
|Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish
|-
|'''[[Oceania]]'''
|Australian English, New Zealand English
|French ([[French Polynesia]], [[New Caledonia]])
|}

===Notes on current usage===
====Short scale====
{{reflist|group=shortscale note}}

====Long scale====
{{reflist|group=longscale note}}

====Both long and short scale====
{{reflist|group=shortscale longscale note}}

====Neither long nor short scale====
{{reflist|group=other scale note}}