Editing Longest word in English (section)

=== Technical terms ===
[[File:Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides Brunetti (lectotype) - ZooKeys-238-001-g002-2.jpg|thumb|120px|right|''[[Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides|Para{{shy}}stratio{{shy}}sphe{{shy}}com{{shy}}yia stratio{{shy}}sphe{{shy}}com{{shy}}yioi{{shy}}des]]'']]
A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words.

The [[IUPAC]] nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open-ended, giving rise to the 189,819-letter chemical name ''Methionyl{{shy}}threonyl{{nowrap|threonyl{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}iso}}{{shy}}leucine'' for the protein also known as [[titin]], which is involved in striated muscle formation. In nature, DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and therefore potentially be referred to with much longer chemical names. For example, the wheat chromosome 3B contains almost 1 billion base pairs,<ref>Paux et al. (2008) Science, Vol. 322 (5898) 101–104. A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B {{cite journal |url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1161847 |doi=10.1126/science.1161847 |access-date=2012-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903222353/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/322/5898/101.full |archive-date=2015-09-03 |title=A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B |year=2008 |last1=Paux |first1=Etienne |last2=Sourdille |first2=Pierre |last3=Salse |first3=Jérôme |last4=Saintenac |first4=Cyrille |last5=Choulet |first5=Frédéric |last6=Leroy |first6=Philippe |last7=Korol |first7=Abraham |last8=Michalak |first8=Monika |last9=Kianian |first9=Shahryar |last10=Spielmeyer |first10=Wolfgang |last11=Lagudah |first11=Evans |last12=Somers |first12=Daryl |last13=Kilian |first13=Andrzej |last14=Alaux |first14=Michael |last15=Vautrin |first15=Sonia |last16=Bergès |first16=Hélène |last17=Eversole |first17=Kellye |last18=Appels |first18=Rudi |last19=Safar |first19=Jan |last20=Simkova |first20=Hana |last21=Dolezel |first21=Jaroslav |last22=Bernard |first22=Michel |last23=Feuillet |first23=Catherine |journal=Science |volume=322 |issue=5898 |pages=101–104 |pmid=18832645 |bibcode=2008Sci...322..101P |s2cid=27686615 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> so the sequence of one of its strands, if written out in full like ''Adenilyl{{shy}}adenilyl{{shy}}guanilyl{{shy}}cystidyl{{nowrap|thymidyl{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}}}'', would be about 8{{spaces}}billion letters long. The longest published word, ''Acetyl{{shy}}seryl{{shy}}tyrosyl{{shy}}seryl{{nowrap|iso{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}.{{hsp}}serine}}'', referring to the coat protein of a certain strain of [[tobacco mosaic virus]] ({{uniprot|P03575}}), is 1,185 letters long, and appeared in the [[American Chemical Society]]'s [[Chemical Abstracts Service]] in 1964 and 1966.<ref>''Chemical Abstracts Formula Index, Jan.–June 1964'', Page 967F; ''Chemical Abstracts 7th Coll. Formulas, C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>32</sub>-Z, 56–65, 1962–1966'', Page 6717F</ref> In 1965, the Chemical Abstracts Service overhauled its naming system and started discouraging excessively long names. In 2011, a dictionary broke this record with a 1909-letter word describing the ''trpA'' protein ({{Uniprot|P0A877}}).<ref name=P0A877/>

[[John Horton Conway]] and [[Landon Curt Noll]] developed an open-ended system for naming powers of 10, in which one ''{{Not a typo|sexmillia{{shy}}quingen{{shy}}sexagin{{shy}}tillion}}'', coming from the Latin name for 6560, is the name for 10<sup>3(6560+1)</sup> = 10<sup>19683</sup>. Under the [[Long and short scales|long number scale]], it would be 10<sup>6(6560)</sup> = 10<sup>39360</sup>.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Noll |first1=Landon Curt |title=How high can you count? |url=http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/math/number/howhigh.html |website=www.isthe.com |access-date=2 September 2024 |date=8 July 2022}}</ref>

''{{visible anchor|Gammara{{shy}}canthus{{shy}}kyto{{shy}}dermo{{shy}}gammarus lori{{shy}}cato{{shy}}baica{{shy}}lensis}}'' is sometimes cited as the longest [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial name]]—it is a kind of [[amphipod]]. However, this name, proposed by [[Benedykt Dybowski|B. Dybowski]], was invalidated by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] in 1929 after being petitioned by [[Mary J. Rathbun]] to take up the case.<ref>{{citation|mode=cs1|title=Opinions Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Opinions 105 to 114|chapter=Opinion 105. Dybowski's (1926) Names of Crustacea Suppressed|series=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections|date=1929|volume=73|issue=6|pages=1–3|hdl-access=free|hdl=10088/23619|id={{BHL page|8911139}}}}</ref>

''[[Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis]]'' is the longest accepted binomial name for an organism. It is a bacterium found in soil collected at [[Llanfairpwllgwyngyll|Llan{{shy}}fair{{shy}}pwll{{shy}}gwyn{{shy}}gyll{{shy}}]] (discussed below). ''[[Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides]]'' is the longest accepted binomial name for any animal, or any organism visible with the naked eye. It is a species of [[Stratiomyidae|soldier fly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/long428.html|title=World's longest name of an animal. Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides Stratiomyid Fly Soldier Fly.|author=rjk|work=thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117001007/http://www.thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/long428.html|archive-date=2011-11-17|access-date=2011-12-17}}</ref>  The genus name ''[[Parapropalaehoplophorus]]'' (a fossil [[glyptodont]], an extinct family of mammals related to [[armadillo]]s) is two letters longer, but does not contain a similarly long species name.

''{{visible anchor|Aequeo{{shy}}salino{{shy}}calcalino{{shy}}ceraceo{{shy}}aluminoso{{shy}}cupreo{{shy}}vitriolic}}'', at 52 letters, describing the [[Hot spring|spa]] waters at [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], England, is attributed to Dr. Edward Strother (1675–1737).<ref>cited in some editions of the [[Guinness Book of Records]] as the longest word in English, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20011006121814/http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/faq/aboutwords/longestword Askoxford.com] on the longest English word</ref> The word is composed of the following elements:
* Aequeo: equal (Latin, aequo<ref>[http://perseus.uchicago.edu/hopper/morph.jsp?l=aequo&la=la]{{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>)
* Salino: containing salt (Latin, salinus)
* Calcalino: calcium (Latin, calx)
* Ceraceo: waxy (Latin, ''cera'')
* Aluminoso: [[alumina]] (Latin)
* Cupreo: from "copper"
* Vitriolic: resembling [[vitriol]]