Editing Lotus position (section)

== In art and culture ==

===Asian art===
{{further|Lotus throne}}

In [[Buddhism]], statues of the founder, [[Gautama Buddha]], sometimes depict him seated in lotus position and enthroned on a lotus flower.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buddhas Crossed Legged Position - Lotus Position |url=https://www.burmese-art.com/blog/buddha-crossed-legged-position |publisher=Asian Art |access-date=11 April 2020 |quote=One of the most popular seated positions of Lord Buddha is crossed legged position. In various Buddhism traditions like Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism, Lord Buddha is often shown with his ankles tucked and different hand and fingers position. The seated Crossed legged position is known as Lotus position.}}</ref><ref name="MMA buddha">{{cite web |title=Lotus-Enthroned Buddha Akshobhya, the Transcendent Buddha,8th–early 9th century |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38940 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="BM">{{cite web |title=Representation of: Buddha (Śākyamuni/Gotama/Shaka) |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=261567&partId=1&searchText=sakyamuni&place=42791&from=ad&fromDate=1400&to=ad&toDate=1450&matcult=15718&page=1 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
In [[Hinduism]]<!--seems sensible overlink here-->, statues often depict gods, especially [[Shiva]], meditating in Padmasana.<ref name="MMA gods">{{cite web |last=Dehejia |first=Vidya |title=Recognizing the Gods |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gods/hd_gods.htm |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |date=February 2007}}</ref> In [[Bali]], a Padmasana is also a type of Hindu [[shrine]], named for the posture.<ref>{{cite book |last=Auger |first=Timothy |year=2001 |title=Bali & Lombok |series=Eyewitness Travel Guides |location=London |publisher=[[Dorling-Kindersley|Dorling Kindersley]] |isbn=0751368709 |pages=26, 46–47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Eiseman |first=Fred B. Jr. |year=2011 |title=Bali – Sekala and Niskala: Essays on religion, ritual, and art |publisher=[[Tuttle Publishing]] |isbn=978-1462900923 |page=266}}</ref>
In [[Jainism]], seated [[Tirthankara]]s are represented in Lotus posture<!--otherwise, they're shown standing-->.<ref name="Wiley2004">{{cite book |last=Wiley |first=Kristi L. |title=Historical Dictionary of Jainism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCT-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |year=2004 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6558-7 |page=98 |quote=Tirthankaras are depicted in only two postures: seated in the classic lotus position (padmasana), which represents the Tirthankara preaching in the assembly hall (samavasarana), and standing in the kayotsarga posture, which represents abandoning the body.}}</ref><!--<ref>{{citation |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer |title=Philosophies Of India |date=1953 |orig-year=April 1952 |editor-first=Joseph |editor-last=Campbell |editor-link=Joseph Campbell |publisher=[[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul|url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer |isbn=978-81-208-0739-6 |pages=209-210, 220}}</ref>-->

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Patan Parshvanatha.jpg|A 10th century CE idol of [[Parshvanatha]] in Lotus position from Patan, Gujarat
File:Monkey gives honey to Buddha Shakyamuni, India, Bihar, probably Kurkihar, Pala dynasty, c. 1000 AD, black stone - Östasiatiska museet, Stockholm - DSC09270.JPG|[[Gautama Buddha]]
File:Sivakempfort.jpg|[[Shiva]]
File:Mahavir.jpg|[[Mahavira]]
Pura Jagatnatha in Bali; David Stanley; November 2011.jpg|A Padmasana shrine, here of Pura Jagatnatha in Denpasar, [[Bali]]
</gallery>

===Western culture===

The scholar of religion Thomas Tweed wrote in 2008 that "the prevailing image of Buddhist practice has been the solitary meditator, eyes half closed, sitting in the lotus position."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tweed |first=Thomas A. |title=Why are Buddhists so nice? Media representations of Buddhism and Islam in the United States since 1945 |journal=Material Religion |date=2008 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=91–93 |doi=10.2752/175183408X288168|s2cid=192174202 }}</ref> [[Ian Fleming]]'s 1964 novel ''[[You Only Live Twice (novel)|You Only Live Twice]]'' has the action hero [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] visiting Japan, where he "assiduously practised sitting in the lotus position."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleming |first1=Ian |author-link=Ian Fleming |title=You Only Live Twice |date=2012|orig-year=1964 |page=10 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9781448139361 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25FINpIYV-AC}}</ref> The critic Lisa M. Dresner notes that Bond is mirroring Fleming's own struggles with the pose.<ref name="Dresner2016">{{cite journal |last=Dresner |first=Lisa M. |title="Barbary Apes Wrecking a Boudoir": Reaffirmations of and Challenges to Western Masculinity in Ian Fleming's Japan Narratives |journal=The Journal of Popular Culture |volume=49 |issue=3 |year=2016 |pages=627–645 |issn=0022-3840 |doi=10.1111/jpcu.12422}}</ref> The BBC journalist Megan Lane commented in 2003 that since [[yoga as exercise]] had become mainstream, lotus position (like [[Vriksasana|tree pose]]) had been [[Yoga in advertising|used by advertisers]] to sell "all manner of goods and services."<ref name="Lane 2003">{{cite web |last1=Lane |first1=Mega |title=The tyranny of yoga |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3174356.stm |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 October 2003}}</ref> She noted that both "healthy living"<ref name="Lane 2003"/> goods such as vitamins, fitness clubs, water filter and [[probiotic]] yogurt, and unrelated items such as cars, airlines, financial services "and even beer"<ref name="Lane 2003"/> have made use of images of yoga to convey a message of well-being.<ref name="Lane 2003"/> Poland's Obory Dairy<!--Polish: Mleczarnia Obory--> gave its advertising agency the goal of creating awareness of their "Jogi" yogurt as exclusive and with a positive image. The <!--CB4 -->agency responded with a photograph of two young women meditating in lotus pose at dawn under the heading "Start your day with Jogi", the brand name also meaning "yoga" in Polish.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Monle |last2=Johnson |first2=Carla |title=Principles of Advertising: A Global Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TjXcAKGKUIC&pg=PA213 |year=2005 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7890-2300-1 |pages=213–215}}</ref>