Editing Loyalty oath (section)

====The University of California loyalty oath (1950)====

The [[Levering Act]] was a law enacted by the U.S. state of [[California]] in 1950. It required state employees to subscribe to a loyalty oath that specifically disavowed radical beliefs. It was aimed in particular at employees of the [[University of California]]. In January 1950, 750 faculty members had approved a resolution to oppose the university's regents and create a committee to coordinate legal action against the university should an oath be required. Several teachers resigned in protest or lost their positions when they refused to sign the loyalty oath. Among those who left were the psychologist [[Erik Erikson]] and the classical scholar [[Ludwig Edelstein]], both of them [[Jewish]] refugees from [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz_VDQAAQBAJ&q=professors+who+left+the+University+of+California+over+the+Levering+Act&pg=PA3|title=The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 3, Issue 4, No. 82|last=IJIP.In|date=25 December 2016|publisher=RED'SHINE Publication. Inc|isbn=9781365657177|via=Google Books}}</ref> In August 1950, the regents fired 31 faculty members who refused to sign the oath. Those who were terminated sued, and by 1952 had been rehired when the university declined to pursue its case against them in court. One of the fired faculty members, the physics professor [[David Saxon]], went on with his career and was appointed president of the entire University of California system in 1975, a job he held until 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/loyaltyoath/|title=Introduction|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/uchistory/archives_exhibits/loyaltyoath/timelinesummary.html|title=Timeline: Summary of events of the Loyalty Oath Controversy 1949-54|website=www.lib.berkeley.edu}}</ref>