Editing MAX Light Rail (section)

===Airport and Interstate lines===
{{Main|MAX Red Line|MAX Yellow Line}}
[[File:SW 4th Avenue MAX station.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|A train stopped at Mall/Southwest 4th Avenue station in 2009, when it was served by the Blue, Red, and Yellow lines]]

Compelled by the rapid expansion of Portland International Airport in the 1990s, the [[Port of Portland (Oregon)|Port of Portland]] began exploring ways to alleviate worsening traffic congestion,<ref name="Airport struggles">{{cite news |last=Marks |first=Anita |title=Airport struggles with runaway growth |newspaper=Portland Business Journal |date=February 25, 1994 |page=1}}</ref> including the possibility of introducing MAX service,<ref name="Port wants MAX">{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Gordon |title=Port wants MAX to run to airport |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=January 22, 1997 |page=A1}}</ref> which regional planners had not anticipated for at least another 20 years.<ref name="max-red-line-factsheet-2016">{{cite web |url=https://trimet.org/publications/pdf/factsheets/max-redline.pdf |title=Airport MAX Red Line |publisher=TriMet |date=July 2016 |access-date=August 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828035659/https://trimet.org/publications/pdf/factsheets/max-redline.pdf |archive-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> In 1997, engineering firm [[Bechtel]] accelerated plans by submitting an [[unsolicited proposal]] to design and build an [[airport rail link]] in exchange for {{convert|120|acre|ha}} of Port property.<ref name="Port wants MAX"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Rose |first=Michael |title=PDX light rail may lead to south-north line |newspaper=Portland Business Journal |date=December 19, 1997 |page=1}}</ref> A [[public–private partnership]] between the company and local governments was negotiated and construction of the Airport MAX began in June 1999.<ref name="Selinger"/>{{rp|82}}<ref name="Take Shape">{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=Light-rail line to PDX starting to take shape |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=June 17, 1999 |page=B1}}</ref> With no federal assistance requested and right-of-way already secured,<ref name="Selinger"/>{{rp|82}} it was completed in just under two years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Gordon |title=Light rail to airport gets closer to reality |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=September 10, 1998 |page=B1}}</ref> The four-station, {{convert|5.5|mi|km|1|adj=on|abbr=out}} line between [[Gateway/Northeast 99th Avenue Transit Center]] and [[Portland International Airport station]] opened on September 10, 2001.<ref name="oreg-2001-city-that-moves">{{cite news|last1=Oliver|first1=Gordon|title=Portland now 'the city that moves', mayor says [opening of MAX Red Line]|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=September 11, 2001|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Gordon |title=Unknowns cloud PDX's future |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=September 21, 2001 |page=D1}}</ref> Celebrations scheduled for that weekend were canceled in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=History cancels PDX party |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=September 15, 2001 |page=D8}}</ref> [[MAX Red Line|Red Line]] service originally ran between the airport and downtown, turning around at the loop tracks on 11th Avenue.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=Airport MAX rolls out Monday |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=September 7, 2001 |page=B1}}</ref> On September 1, 2003, it was extended west along existing tracks to [[Beaverton Transit Center]] to relieve overcrowding on the Blue Line and to create a one-seat airport connection for the west side.<ref name="direct service Beaverton">{{cite news |last=Leeson |first=Fred |date=August 27, 2003 |title=MAX fares increase, direct service from Beaverton to PDX starts |newspaper=The Oregonian |page=D2}}</ref>

In 1999, Portland business leaders and residents who were opposed to the cancellation of the South–North Line urged TriMet to revive the project.<ref name="oreg-1999mar16">{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Gordon |title=New light-rail plan rises from the ashes |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=March 16, 1999 |page=1}}</ref><ref name="oreg-1999mar25">{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=Tri-Met involvement urged in north light-rail line |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=March 25, 1999 |page=B3}}</ref> TriMet responded with a new proposal that would expand MAX solely to North Portland via North Interstate Avenue.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Gordon |title=Tri-Met adds detail to proposal to build light rail in the north |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=May 3, 1999 |page=C2}}</ref> The agency moved forward with this plan and the Interstate MAX broke ground in February 2001.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=Interstate MAX work will begin with Monday ceremony |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=February 16, 2001 |page=D3}}</ref> To minimize costs to taxpayers, the city created an [[urban renewal|urban renewal district]] and federal matching funds were allocated from the Airport MAX and [[NS Line|Portland Streetcar]] projects, since these projects were locally funded.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=Interstate MAX on track but not final |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=August 26, 1999 |page=D2}}</ref><ref name="clinton-money">{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Bill |title=NW prominent in Clinton money plan. MAX: The North Portland Interstate |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=February 5, 2000 |page=A1}}</ref> The 10-station, {{convert|5.8|mi|km|1|adj=on}} extension from the Rose Quarter to the [[Expo Center station|Expo Center]] opened on May 1, 2004, with its new service designated the [[MAX Yellow Line|Yellow Line]].<ref name="open-for-business">{{cite news |last=Leeson |first=Fred |title=The Yellow Line: Open for business |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=April 25, 2004 |page=B5}}</ref> From 2004 to 2009, the Yellow Line ran from [[Expo Center station]] in North Portland to 11th Avenue in downtown Portland, following the Blue and Red lines' downtown alignment from the [[Steel Bridge]]. On August 30, 2009, it was rerouted to terminate at the [[PSU Urban Center stations]] with the addition of light rail to the [[Portland Transit Mall]].<ref name="tribune2009-0828">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=New MAX line opens downtown |newspaper=Portland Tribune |date=August 28, 2009 |url=http://pamplinmedia.com/component/content/article?id=54413 |access-date=May 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103091415/http://pamplinmedia.com/component/content/article?id=54413 |archive-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref> In September 2012, this was extended further south to the [[PSU South stations]], which had not been built due to the construction of nearby [[transit-oriented development]].<ref name="lastpiece">{{cite news |last=Redden |first=Jim |title=Line's last piece stirs money questions |newspaper=Portland Tribune |date=September 24, 2009 |url=http://thetribonline.net/news/story.php?story_id=125373697936164200 |access-date=September 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222054826/http://thetribonline.net/news/story.php?story_id=125373697936164200 |archive-date=February 22, 2013 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name="oreg-2012aug31">{{cite news|last=Bailey|first=Everton Jr.|title=TriMet boosts most fares starting Saturday; some routes changing|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=August 30, 2012 <!--print edition date Aug. 31, 2012, page 1-->|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/roadreport/index.ssf/2012/08/trimet_boosts_most_fares_start.html|access-date=September 2, 2012|archive-date=September 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902193556/http://www.oregonlive.com/roadreport/index.ssf/2012/08/trimet_boosts_most_fares_start.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Yellow Line became [[Through train|interlined]] with the [[MAX Orange Line|Orange Line]] in 2015; it now only operates the northbound segment of the transit mall.<ref name="you-asked-orange-downtown">{{cite web |url=http://howweroll.trimet.org/2015/06/19/you-asked-how-will-max-orange-line-work-in-downtown-portland/ |last=Lum |first=Brian |title=You asked: How will the Orange Line work in downtown Portland? |publisher=TriMet |date=June 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026140806/http://howweroll.trimet.org/2015/06/19/you-asked-how-will-max-orange-line-work-in-downtown-portland/ |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |url-status=unfit}}</ref>