Editing Mahmud II (section)

===War against the Saudi state===
{{main|Emirate of Diriyah}}

[[File:Image-Abdullah bin Saud FSS2.JPG|left|thumb|100px|[[Abdullah bin Saud]].]]

During the early years of Mahmud II's reign, his governor of Egypt [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha]] successfully waged the [[Ottoman-Saudi War]] and reconquered the holy cities of [[Medina]] (1812) and [[Mecca]] (1813) from the [[First Saudi State]].

[[Abdullah bin Saud]] and the [[First Saudi State]] had barred Muslims from the [[Ottoman Empire]] from entering the holy shrines of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]; his followers also desecrated the tombs of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]], [[Hassan ibn Ali]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali]]. Abdullah bin Saud and his two followers were publicly [[Decapitation|beheaded]] for their crimes against holy cities and mosques.<ref name=ssh>{{cite web|title=The Direct Instruments of Western Control over the Arabs: The Shining Example of the House of Saud|url=http://www.social-sciences-and-humanities.com/PDF/house_of_saud.pdf|publisher=Social sciences and humanities|access-date=4 June 2012|author=Dr. Abdullah Mohammad Sindi}}</ref>