Editing Manner of articulation (section)

==Other airstream initiations==

All of these manners of articulation are pronounced with an [[airstream mechanism]] called [[pulmonic egressive]], meaning that the air flows outward, and is powered by the lungs (actually the ribs and [[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]]). Other airstream mechanisms are possible. Sounds that rely on some of these include:

* '''[[Ejective consonant|Ejective]]s''', which are ''glottalic egressive''. That is, the airstream is powered by an upward movement of the [[glottis]] rather than by the lungs or diaphragm. Stops, affricates, and occasionally fricatives may occur as ejectives. All ejectives are voiceless, or at least transition from voiced to voiceless.
* '''[[Implosive consonant|Implosive]]s''', which are ''glottalic ingressive''. Here the glottis moves downward, but the lungs may be used simultaneously (to provide voicing), and in some languages no air may actually flow into the mouth. Implosive stops are not uncommon, but implosive affricates and fricatives are rare. Voiceless implosives are also rare.
* '''[[Click consonant|Clicks]]''', which are ''[[lingual ingressive]]''. Here the back of the tongue is used to create a vacuum in the mouth, causing air to rush in when the forward occlusion (tongue or lips) is released. Clicks may be oral or nasal, stop or affricate, central or lateral, voiced or voiceless. They are extremely rare in normal words outside [[Southern Africa]]. However, English has a click in its "tsk tsk" (or "tut tut") sound, and another is often used to say "giddy up" to a horse.
* [[Percussive consonant|'''Percussives''']] are generated by striking one organ against another. No standalone percussive occurs in any language, but alveolar clicks may have a sublingual [[Percussive click release|percussive release]] in [[Sandawe language|Sandawe]], where after the click is pronounced, the tongue strikes the floor of the mouth.
* Combinations of these, in some analyses, in a single consonant: ''[[linguo-pulmonic]]'' and ''[[linguo-glottalic]] (ejective)'' consonants, which are clicks released into either a pulmonic or ejective stop/fricative.