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Mathematical table
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===History=== {{main|History of logarithms}} In 1544, [[Michael Stifel]] published ''Arithmetica integra'', which contains a table of integers and powers of 2 that has been considered an early version of a logarithmic table.<ref>{{Citation|first=Michaele|last=Stifelio|publisher=Iohan Petreium|location=London|year=1544|title=Arithmetica Integra|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fndPsRv08R0C&pg=RA1-PT419}}</ref><ref> {{springer | title=Arithmetic | id= A/a013260 | last=Bukhshtab | first=A.A. | last2=Pechaev | first2=V.I.}}</ref><ref> {{Citation|title = Precalculus mathematics|author = Vivian Shaw Groza and Susanne M. Shelley|publisher = Holt, Rinehart and Winston|location=New York|year=1972|isbn=978-0-03-077670-0|page = 182|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yM_lSq1eJv8C&q=stifel&pg=PA182}}</ref> The method of logarithms was publicly propounded by [[John Napier]] in 1614, in a book entitled ''[[Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio]]'' (''Description of the Wonderful Rule of Logarithms'').<ref>{{Citation|author=Ernest William Hobson|title=John Napier and the invention of logarithms, 1614|year=1914|publisher=The University Press|location=Cambridge|url=https://archive.org/details/johnnapierinvent00hobsiala}}</ref> The book contained fifty-seven pages of explanatory matter and ninety pages of tables related to [[natural logarithms]]. The English mathematician [[Henry Briggs (mathematician)|Henry Briggs]] visited Napier in 1615, and proposed a re-scaling of [[Napier's logarithm]]s to form what is now known as the [[common logarithm|common]] or base-10 logarithms. Napier delegated to Briggs the computation of a revised table. In 1617, they published ''Logarithmorum Chilias Prima'' ("The First Thousand Logarithms"), which gave a brief account of logarithms and a table for the first 1000 integers calculated to the 14th decimal place. Prior to Napier's invention, there had been other techniques of similar scopes, such as the use of tables of progressions, extensively developed by [[Jost Bürgi]] around 1600.<ref name="folkerts">{{citation | last1 = Folkerts | first1 = Menso | last2 = Launert | first2 = Dieter | last3 = Thom | first3 = Andreas | arxiv = 1510.03180 | doi = 10.1016/j.hm.2016.03.001 | issue = 2 | journal = [[Historia Mathematica]] | mr = 3489006 | pages = 133–147 | title = Jost Bürgi's method for calculating sines | volume = 43 | year = 2016| s2cid = 119326088 }}</ref><ref>{{mactutor|id=Burgi|title=Jost Bürgi (1552 – 1632)}}</ref> The computational advance available via common logarithms, the converse of powered numbers or [[exponential notation]], was such that it made calculations by hand much quicker.
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