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Maxime Rodinson
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===Professor of Oriental Languages and Marxist without a party=== In 1948, Rodinson became a librarian at the [[Bibliothèque Nationale]] in Paris, where he was put in charge of the Muslim section. In 1955, he was appointed director of studies at the [[École pratique des hautes études]], becoming a professor of [[Ge'ez language|classical Ethiopian]] four years later. Rodinson left the [[French Communist Party|Communist Party]] in 1958, following [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s [[20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|revelations of Stalin's crimes]]<ref name="Young" /> amid accusations of using the association to further his career, but nonetheless remained a [[Marxist]]. According to Rodinson himself, the decision was based on his [[agnosticism]], and he explained that being a party member was like following a religion and he wanted to renounce "the narrow subordination of efforts at lucidity to the exigencies of mobilization, even for just causes." He became well known when he published ''[[Muhammad (book)|Muhammad]]'' in 1961, a biography of the prophet's life written from a sociological point of view, a book which is still banned in parts of the Arab world. Five years later, he published ''Islam and Capitalism'', a study of the economic decline of Muslim societies. He participated with other colleagues committed to the left ([[Elena Cassin]], [[Maurice Godelier]], [[André-Georges Haudricourt]], Charles Malamoud, [[Jean-Paul Brisson]], [[Jean Yoyotte]], Jean Bottero) in a [[Marxism|Marxist]] think tank organised by [[Jean-Pierre Vernant]]. This group took on an institutional form with the creation, in 1964, of the ''Centre des recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes'', which later became the ''Centre [[Louis Gernet]]'', focusing more on the study of [[ancient Greece]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vernant Jean-Pierre |url=https://www.ex-pcf.com/index.php/liste-alpha/215-vernant-jean-pierre |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=www.ex-pcf.com}}</ref> He was awarded the 1995 Prize by the Rationalist Organisation.{{dubious|What's that?|date=March 2016}} Rodinson died on 23 May 2004 in [[Marseille]].
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