Editing Meteor (section)

=== Acoustic manifestations ===
The sound generated by a meteor in the upper atmosphere, such as a [[sonic boom]], typically arrives many seconds after the visual light from a meteor disappears. Occasionally, as with the [[Leonid meteor shower]] of 2001, "crackling", "swishing", or "hissing" sounds have been reported,<ref name="find-87854873">{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_6_111/ai_87854873/pg_1 |work=Natural History |title=Psst! Sounds like a meteor: in the debate about whether or not meteors make noise, skeptics have had the upper hand until now |first=Alan |last=Burdick |year=2002 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715100344/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_6_111/ai_87854873/pg_1 |archive-date=2012-07-15 }}</ref> occurring at the same instant as a meteor flare. These are sometimes called [[electrophonic sounds]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zgrablić |first1=Goran |last2=Vinković |first2=Dejan |last3=Gradečak |first3=Silvija |last4=Kovačić |first4=Damir |last5=Biliškov |first5=Nikola |last6=Grbac |first6=Neven |last7=Andreić |first7=Željko |last8=Garaj |first8=Slaven |date=2002 |title=Instrumental recording of electrophonic sounds from Leonid fireballs |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001JA000310 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics |language=en |volume=107 |issue=A7 |pages=SIA 11–1–SIA 11-9 |doi=10.1029/2001JA000310 |bibcode=2002JGRA..107.1124Z |issn=2156-2202}}</ref> Similar sounds have also been reported during intense displays of Earth's [[Aurora (astronomy)|auroras]].<ref name="auroral-sounds">{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/auroralsound/ |first=Andris |last=Vaivads |year=2002 |title=Auroral Sounds |access-date=2011-02-27 }}</ref><ref name="auroral-acoustics">{{cite web |url=http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/projects/aurora/ |title=Auroral Acoustics |work=Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing, Helsinki University of Technology |access-date=2011-02-17 }}</ref><ref name="AG16-155">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60352-0 |first1=Sam M. |last1=Silverman |first2=Tai-Fu |last2=Tuan |year=1973 |title=Auroral Audibility |volume=16 |pages=155–259 |series=Advances in Geophysics |isbn=978-0-12-018816-1 |bibcode = 1973AdGeo..16..155S }}</ref><ref name="JRASC-373K">{{cite journal |first=Colin S. L. |last=Keay |year=1990 |title=C. A. Chant and the Mystery of Auroral Sounds |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=84 |pages=373–382 |bibcode=  1990JRASC..84..373K}}</ref> 

Theories on the generation of these sounds may partially explain them. For example, scientists at NASA suggested that the turbulent ionized wake of a meteor interacts with [[geomagnetic field|Earth's magnetic field]], generating pulses of [[radio wave]]s. As the trail dissipates, [[megawatt]]s of electromagnetic power could be released, with a peak in the [[power spectrum]] at [[audio frequencies]]. Physical [[vibration]]s induced by the electromagnetic impulses would then be heard if they are powerful enough to make grasses, plants, eyeglass frames, the hearer's own body (see [[microwave auditory effect]]), and other conductive materials vibrate.<ref name="NASA-ast26">{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast26nov_1.htm |title=Listening to Leonids |publisher=science.nasa.gov |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908035648/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast26nov_1.htm |archive-date=2009-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=H. C. |last2=Von Gierke |first2=H. E. |title=Hearing sensations in electric fields |journal=Aerospace Medicine |date=September 1964 |volume=35 |pages=834–839 |pmid=14175790 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629080138/http://homepages.tesco.net/~John.Dawes2/extract.htm Extract text archive.]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frey |first1=Allan H. |title=Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |date=1 July 1962 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=689–692 |doi=10.1152/jappl.1962.17.4.689 |pmid=13895081 |s2cid=12359057 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629121952/http://homepages.tesco.net/~John.Dawes2/frey.htm Full text archive.]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frey |first1=Allan H. |last2=Messenger |first2=Rodman |title=Human Perception of Illumination with Pulsed Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Energy |journal=Science |date=27 Jul 1973 |volume=181 |issue=4097 |pages=356–358 |doi=10.1126/science.181.4097.356 |pmid=4719908 |bibcode = 1973Sci...181..356F |s2cid=31038030 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122016/http://homepages.tesco.net/~John.Dawes2/frey2.htm Full text archive.]</ref> This proposed mechanism, although proven plausible by laboratory work, remains unsupported by corresponding measurements in the field. Sound recordings made under controlled conditions in Mongolia in 1998 support the contention that the sounds are real.<ref name="BBC-321596">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/321596.stm |title=Sound of shooting stars |work=BBC News |first=Chris |last=Riley |date=1999-04-21 |access-date=2011-09-16 }}</ref> ''(Also see [[Bolide]].)''