Editing Microbotics (section)

=== Surface locomotion ===
Microrobots that use surface locomotion can move in a variety of ways, including walking, crawling, rolling, or jumping. These microrobots meet different challenges, such as gravity and friction. One of the parameters describing surface locomotion is the Frounde number, defined as:

<math>Fr=\frac{v^2}{g*\lambda_s}</math>

Where ''v'' is motion speed, g is the gravitational field, and 𝞴s is a stride length. A microrobot demonstrating a low [[Froude number]] moves slower and more stable as gravitational forces dominate, while a high Froude number indicates that inertial forces are more significant, allowing faster and potentially less stable movement.<ref name=":1" />

Crawling is one of the most typical surface locomotion types. The mechanisms employed by microrobots for crawling can differ but usually include the synchronized movement of multiple legs or appendages. The mechanism of the microrobots' movements is often inspired by animals such as insects, reptiles, and small mammals. An example of a crawling microrobot is RoBeetle. The autonomous microrobot weighs 88 milligrams (approximately the weight of three rice grains). The robot is powered by the catalytic combustion of methanol. The design relies on controllable NiTi-Pt–based catalytic artificial micromuscles with a mechanical control mechanism.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Xiufeng |last2=Chang |first2=Longlong |last3=Pérez-Arancibia |first3=Néstor O. |date=2020-08-26 |title=An 88-milligram insect-scale autonomous crawling robot driven by a catalytic artificial muscle |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.aba0015 |journal=Science Robotics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=45 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.aba0015 |pmid=33022629 |issn=2470-9476|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Other options for actuating microrobots' surface locomotion include magnetic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, electrostatic, and optical actuation.