Editing Microcephaly (section)

===Arbovirus===
[[Arthropod bites and stings|Bites and stings from Arthropods]] can often be a cause of [[disease vector|vector-borne diseases]]. These include [[mosquitoes]], [[fleas]], [[sand flies]], [[lice]], [[ticks]], and [[mites]] that are [[hematophagous]] vectors. The [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) stated that "mosquitoes kill more people than any other creature and considers that mosquitoes are "the most dangerous animals on earth".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mosquitos kill more people than any other creature, the CDC warns |website=NPR.org  |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/07/08/nx-s1-5026612/mosquitos-kill-more-people-than-any-other-creature-the-cdc-warns |publisher=NPR Morning Edition|date= 8 July 2024|access-date=6 October 2024|archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref>

The spread of [[Aedes]] mosquito-borne [[Zika virus]] has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the [[International Society for Infectious Diseases]] and the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zika virus - Brazil: confirmed Archive Number: 20150519.3370768 |website=Pro-MED-mail |url=http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=3370768 |publisher=International Society for Infectious Diseases |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130023132/http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=3370768 |archive-date=2016-01-30 }}</ref> Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This can result in other severe brain malformations and birth defects.<ref name="NEJM201604">{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Sonja A.|last2=Jamieson|first2=Denise J.|last3=Honein|first3=Margaret A.|last4=Petersen|first4=Lyle R.|title=Zika Virus and Birth Defects — Reviewing the Evidence for Causality|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=13 April 2016|doi=10.1056/NEJMsr1604338|volume=374|issue=20|pages=1981–7|pmid=27074377|s2cid=20675635|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CDC Concludes Zika Causes Microcephaly and Other Birth Defects|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0413-zika-microcephaly.html|website=CDC|access-date=1 June 2016|date=13 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531221123/http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0413-zika-microcephaly.html|archive-date=31 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0315-zika-virus-travel.html| title=CDC issues interim travel guidance related to Zika virus for 14 Countries and Territories in Central and South America and the Caribbean| publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention| date=2016-01-15| access-date=2016-01-17| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118024439/http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0315-zika-virus-travel.html| archive-date=2016-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.co.uk/science/2016/01/cdc-issues-travel-advisory-for-14-countries-with-alarming-viral-outbreaks/|title=CDC issues travel advisory for 14 countries with alarming viral outbreaks|author=Beth Mole|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|work=[[Ars Technica]]|date=2016-01-17|access-date=2016-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160118092344/http://arstechnica.co.uk/science/2016/01/cdc-issues-travel-advisory-for-14-countries-with-alarming-viral-outbreaks/|archive-date=2016-01-18}}</ref> A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine has documented a case in which they found evidence of the Zika virus in the brain of a fetus that displayed the morphology of microcephaly.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mlakar|first1=Jernej|last2=Korva|first2=Misa|last3=Tul|first3=Nataša|last4=Popović|first4=Mara|last5=Poljšak-Prijatelj|first5=Mateja|last6=Mraz|first6=Jerica|last7=Kolenc|first7=Marko|last8=Resman Rus|first8=Katarina|last9=Vesnaver Vipotnik|first9=Tina|date=2016-03-10|title=Zika Virus Associated with Microcephaly|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=374|issue=10|pages=951–8|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1600651|issn=0028-4793|pmid=26862926|s2cid=205099844|doi-access=free}}</ref>