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Middle Dutch
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====Short vowels==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Middle Dutch short vowels ! ! [[Front vowel|Front]]<br/><small>[[Roundedness|unrounded]]</small> ! [[Front vowel|Front]]<br/><small>[[Roundedness|rounded]]</small> ! [[Central vowel|Central]] ! [[Back vowel|Back]] |- ! [[Close vowel|Close]] | {{IPA|Ιͺ}} | rowspan="2" | {{IPA|Κ}} | | |- ! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] | {{IPA|e}} | {{IPA|Ι}} | {{IPA|o}} |- ! [[Open vowel|Open]] | colspan="4" | {{IPA|a}} |} * The exact height of {{IPA|/Κ/}} is not certain, and may have varied between actual {{IPA|[Κ]}} and a lower {{IPA|[ΓΈ]}} or even {{IPA|[Ε]}}. * {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} could have also been {{IPA|[Ι]}} and {{IPA|[Ι]}}, as in modern Dutch. * {{IPA|/a/}} was a back {{IPA|[Ι]}} in most varieties, but front {{IPA|[a]}} probably occurred in some western dialects.
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