Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Military robot
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Effects and impact== ===Advantages=== Autonomous robotics would save and preserve soldiers' lives by removing serving soldiers, who might otherwise be killed, from the battlefield. Lt. Gen. Richard Lynch of the United States Army [[United States Army Installation Management Command|Installation Management Command]] and assistant Army chief of staff for installation stated at a 2011 conference: {{blockquote|As I think about what’s happening on the battlefield today ... I contend there are things we could do to improve the survivability of our service members. And you all know that’s true.<ref>Cheryl Pellerin (American Forces Press Service) - [https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/id/65064/ DoD News:Article published Aug. 17, 2011] published by the ''U.S. Department of Defense'', WASHINGTON (DoD) [Retrieved 2015-07-28]</ref>}} Major Kenneth Rose of the US Army's Training and Doctrine Command outlined some of the advantages of robotic technology in warfare:<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/teachers/citizenship_11_14/subject_areas/scientific_development/newsid_1923000/1923299.stm | work=BBC News | title=Robot soldiers | date=2002-04-12 | access-date=2010-05-12 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125025501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/teachers/citizenship_11_14/subject_areas/scientific_development/newsid_1923000/1923299.stm | archive-date=2011-01-25 }}</ref> {{blockquote|Machines don't get tired. They don't close their eyes. They don't hide under trees when it rains and they don't talk to their friends ... A human's attention to detail on guard duty drops dramatically in the first 30 minutes ... Machines know no fear.}} Increasing attention is also paid to how to make the robots more autonomous, with a view of eventually allowing them to operate on their own for extended periods of time, possibly behind enemy lines. For such functions, systems like the [[Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot]] are being tried, which is intended to gain its own energy by foraging for plant matter. The majority of military robots are tele-operated and not equipped with weapons; they are used for reconnaissance, surveillance, sniper detection, neutralizing explosive devices, etc. Current robots that are equipped with weapons are tele-operated so they are not capable of taking lives autonomously.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hellström|first=Thomas|title=On the moral responsibility of military robots|journal=[[Ethics and Information Technology]]|date=June 2013|volume=15|issue=2|pages=99–107|doi=10.1007/s10676-012-9301-2|citeseerx=10.1.1.305.5964|s2cid=15205810}}</ref> Advantages regarding the lack of emotion and passion in robotic combat is also taken into consideration as a beneficial factor in significantly reducing instances of unethical behavior in wartime. Autonomous machines are created not to be "truly 'ethical' robots", yet ones that comply with the laws of war (LOW) and rules of engagement (ROE).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=phil_fac|title = Robots in War: Issues of Risk and Ethics|date = 2009|last = Lin, Bekey, Abney|first = Patrick, George, Keith|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151123143536/http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=phil_fac|archive-date = 2015-11-23}}</ref> Hence the fatigue, stress, emotion, adrenaline, etc. that affect a human soldier's rash decisions are removed; there will be no effect on the battlefield caused by the decisions made by the individual. ===Risks=== {{See also|Lethal autonomous weapon|Campaign to Stop Killer Robots}} Human rights groups and NGOs such as [[Human Rights Watch]] and the [[Campaign to Stop Killer Robots]] have started urging governments and the [[United Nations]] to issue policy to outlaw the development of so-called "lethal autonomous weapons systems" (LAWS).<ref>{{Cite web|title = UN urged to ban 'killer robots' before they can be developed|url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/apr/09/un-urged-to-ban-killer-robots-before-they-can-be-developed|website = the Guardian|access-date = 2015-07-28|first = Owen Bowcott|last = Bowcott| date=9 April 2015 |url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150728141842/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/apr/09/un-urged-to-ban-killer-robots-before-they-can-be-developed|archive-date = 2015-07-28}}</ref> The United Kingdom opposed such campaigns, with the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]] declaring that "international humanitarian law already provides sufficient regulation for this area".<ref>{{Cite web|title = UK opposes international ban on developing 'killer robots'|url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/13/uk-opposes-international-ban-on-developing-killer-robots|website = the Guardian|access-date = 2015-07-28|first = Owen|last = Bowcott| date=13 April 2015 |url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150729155633/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/13/uk-opposes-international-ban-on-developing-killer-robots|archive-date = 2015-07-29}}</ref> In July 2015, over 1,000 experts in artificial intelligence signed a letter calling for a ban on autonomous weapons. The letter was presented in [[Buenos Aires]] at the 24th [[International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence]] (IJCAI-15) and was co-signed by [[Stephen Hawking]], [[Elon Musk]], [[Steve Wozniak]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Skype]] co-founder [[Jaan Tallinn]] and [[Google DeepMind]] co-founder [[Demis Hassabis]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Musk, Wozniak and Hawking urge ban on warfare AI and autonomous weapons|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/27/musk-wozniak-hawking-ban-ai-autonomous-weapons|website = the Guardian|access-date = 2015-07-28|first = Samuel|last = Gibbs| date=27 July 2015 |url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150727191223/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/27/musk-wozniak-hawking-ban-ai-autonomous-weapons|archive-date = 2015-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Musk, Hawking Warn of Artificial Intelligence Weapons|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/07/27/musk-hawking-warn-of-artificial-intelligence-weapons/|website = WSJ Blogs - Digits|date = 2015-07-27|access-date = 2015-07-28|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150728173944/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/07/27/musk-hawking-warn-of-artificial-intelligence-weapons/|archive-date = 2015-07-28}}</ref> ===Psychology=== American soldiers have been known to name the robots that serve alongside them. These names are often in honor of human friends, family, celebrities, pets, or are eponymic.<ref name=n28s>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/soldiers-3-robots-military-bots-get-awards-nicknames-funerals-4B11215746|author=Nidhi Subbaraman|publisher=[[NBC News]]|title=Soldiers <3 robots: Military bots get awards, nicknames ... funerals|date=28 September 2013 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006224218/http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/soldiers-3-robots-military-bots-get-awards-nicknames-funerals-4B11215746|archive-date=2013-10-06}}</ref> The 'gender' assigned to the robot may be related to the [[marital status]] of its operator.<ref name=n28s/> Some affixed fictitious medals to battle-hardened robots, and even held [[funeral]]s for destroyed robots.<ref name=n28s/> An interview of 23 explosive ordnance detection members shows that while they feel it is better to lose a robot than a human, they also felt anger and a sense of loss if they were destroyed.<ref name=n28s/> A survey of 746 people in the military showed that 80% either 'liked' or 'loved' their military robots, with more affection being shown towards ground rather than aerial robots.<ref name=n28s/> Surviving dangerous combat situations together increased the level of bonding between soldier and robot, and current and future advances in [[artificial intelligence]] may further intensify the bond with the military robots.<ref name=n28s/>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)