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Minimalism
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=== Concepts and design elements === The concept of minimalist architecture is to strip everything down to its essential quality and achieve simplicity.{{sfn|Bertoni|2002|p=10}} The idea is not completely without ornamentation,<ref name="Rossell">{{harvnb|Rossell|2005|p=6}}</ref> but that all parts, details, and joinery are considered as reduced to a stage where no one can remove anything further to improve the design.<ref name="Pawson">{{harvnb|Pawson|1996|p=7}}</ref> The considerations for 'essences' are light, form, detail of material, space, place, and human condition.<ref name="Bertoni15-16">{{harvnb|Bertoni|2002|pp=15–16}}</ref> Minimalist architects not only consider the physical qualities of the building. They consider the spiritual dimension and the invisible, by listening to the figure and paying attention to details, people, space, nature, and materials,<ref name="Bertoni21">{{harvnb|Bertoni|2002|p=21}}</ref> believing this reveals the abstract quality of something that is invisible and aids the search for the essence of those invisible qualities—such as natural light, sky, earth, and air. In addition, they "open a dialogue" with the surrounding environment to decide the most essential materials for the construction and create relationships between buildings and sites.<ref name="Rossell"/> In minimalist architecture, design elements strive to convey the message of simplicity. The basic geometric forms, elements without decoration, simple materials, and the repetitions of structures represent a sense of order and essential quality.{{sfn|Pawson|1996|p=8}} The movement of natural light in buildings reveals simple and clean spaces.<ref name="Bertoni15-16"/> In the late 19th century as the arts and crafts movement became popular in Britain, people valued the attitude of 'truth to materials' with respect to the profound and innate characteristics of materials.{{sfn|Saito|2007|pp=87–88}} Minimalist architects humbly 'listen to figure', seeking essence and simplicity by rediscovering the valuable qualities in simple and common materials.<ref name="Bertoni21"/>
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