Editing Mitochondrial matrix (section)

=== Inner membrane control over matrix composition ===
The electron transport chain is responsible for establishing a pH and [[electrochemical gradient]] that facilitates the production of ATP through the pumping of protons. The gradient also provides control of the concentration of ions such as [[Ca2|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]] driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential.<ref name=":0" /> The membrane only allows nonpolar molecules such as [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] and [[Oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]] and small non charged polar molecules such as [[H2O|H<sub>2</sub>O]] to enter the matrix. Molecules enter and exit the mitochondrial matrix through [[transport protein]]s and [[ion transporter]]s. Molecules are then able to leave the mitochondria through [[Porin (protein)|porin]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Molecular Biology of the Cell|last1=Alberts|first1=Bruce|last2=Johnson|first2=Alexander|last3=Lewis|first3=julian|last4=Roberts|first4=Keith|last5=Peters|first5=Walter|last6=Raff|first6=Martin|publisher=Garland Publishing Inc|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8153-3218-3|location=New york}}</ref> These attributed characteristics allow for control over concentrations of [[ion]]s and [[metabolite]]s necessary for regulation and determines the rate of ATP production.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=S.|last2=Bankier|first2=A. T.|last3=Barrell|first3=B. G.|last4=de Bruijn|first4=M. H. L.|last5=Coulson|first5=A. R.|last6=Drouin|first6=J.|last7=Eperon|first7=I. C.|last8=Nierlich|first8=D. P.|last9=Roe|first9=B. A.|date=1981-04-09|title=Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=290|issue=5806|pages=457–465|doi=10.1038/290457a0|pmid=7219534|bibcode=1981Natur.290..457A |s2cid=4355527 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Iuchi|first1=S.|last2=Lin|first2=E. C. C.|date=1993-07-01|title=Adaptation of Escherichia coli to redox environments by gene expression|journal=Molecular Microbiology|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=9–15|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01664.x|issn=1365-2958|pmid=8412675|s2cid=39165641 }}</ref>