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Modoc people
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===Pre-contact=== Until the 19th century, when European explorers first encountered the Modoc, like all [[Plateau Indians]], they caught salmon during salmon runs and migrated seasonally to hunt and gather other food.<ref name=arnold507>Arnold, ''et al.'', p. 507</ref> In winter, they built earthen dugout lodges shaped like beehives, covered with sticks and plastered with mud, near lake shores with reliable sources of seeds from aquatic [[wokas]] plants and fishing.<ref name='Pease'>Pease, pp. 46–48</ref> ====Neighboring groups==== In addition to the Klamath, with whom they shared a language and the [[Modoc Plateau]], the groups neighboring the Modoc home were: *[[Shasta (tribe)|Shasta]] on the Klamath River; *[[Rogue River (tribe)|Rogue River]] Athabaskans and [[Takelma]] west over the [[Cascade Mountains]]; *[[Northern Paiute]] east in the desert; *[[Karuk]] and [[Yurok tribe|Yurok]] further down the Klamath River; and *[[Achomawi]] or ''Pit River'' to the south, in the meadows of the Pit River drainages. The Modoc, Northern Paiute, and Achomawi shared [[Goose Lake Valley]].<ref name='Pease' /> ====Settlements==== The known Modoc village sites are ''Agawesh,'' where Willow Creek enters [[Lower Klamath Lake]], of the ''Gombatwa·s'' or Lower Klamath Lake People Band; ''Kumbat'' and ''Pashha'' on the shores of [[Tule Lake]] of the ''Pasganwa·s'' or Tule Lake People Band; and ''Wachamshwash'' and ''Nushalt-Hagak-ni'' on the [[Lost River (California)|Lost River]] of the ''Goġewa·s'' or Lower Lost River People Band.<ref name="Stern, pp. 446–456"/><ref name=arnold507/><ref name='Kroeber 305'>Kroeber, pp. 305–335</ref><ref name=ohs>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=102CE754-DAAC-594C-63428804F1EA49D2|first=Robert|last=Donnelly|title=Klamath Indian Reservation|work=The Oregon History Project|publisher=Oregon Historical Society|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref> The Modoc have also been known as the Modok (Brandt and Davis-Kimball xvi).
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