Editing Motion JPEG (section)

== Applications ==

M-JPEG is now used by video-capture devices such as [[digital camera]]s, [[IP camera]]s, and [[webcam]]s, as well as by [[non-linear video editing]] systems. It is natively supported by the [[QuickTime]] Player, the [[PlayStation]] console, and [[web browser]]s such as [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], [[Google Chrome]], [[Mozilla Firefox]] and [[Microsoft Edge]].

=== Video editing ===

M-JPEG is frequently used in [[Non-linear editing system|non-linear video editing systems]]. Modern desktop CPUs are powerful enough to work with high-definition video, so no special hardware is required, and they in turn offer native random-access to any frame.

=== Game consoles ===

The [[PlayStation]] game console integrated M-JPEG like decompression hardware for in-game [[Full motion video|FMV]] sequences, while the [[PlayStation Portable]] handheld game console can play M-JPEG from the [[Memory Stick Pro Duo]] under the .avi extension with a resolution of 480×272. Both can record clips in M-JPEG with its [[Go!Cam]] camera.

[[Nintendo]]'s [[Wii]] game console, as well as [[VTech]]'s InnoTab, can play M-JPEG-encoded videos on [[SD card]] using its [[Wii Menu#Photo Channel|Photo Channel]]. The [[SanDisk Sansa]] e200 and the [[Zen V]] digital audio players play short M-JPEG videos. Recent firmware updates to  the [[Nintendo 3DS]] can now record and play "3D-AVI" M-JPEG-encoded files, which is the same format used in the [[Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D series]], from a SD card in 320×240 resolution so long as the video duration is 10 minutes or less.

=== Digital cameras ===

Prior to the rise in [[MPEG-4]] encoding in consumer devices, a [[progressive scan]] form of M-JPEG saw widespread use in the “movie” modes of digital still cameras, allowing video encoding and playback through the integrated JPEG compression hardware with only a software modification. The resultant quality is still inferior compared to a similar-sized MPEG, particularly as the sound (when included) was uncompressed [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] and recorded at a low sample rate or low-compression, low processor-demand [[ADPCM]].

To keep file sizes and transfer rates under control, frame sizes and rates, along with sound sampling rates, are kept relatively low with very high levels of compression for each individual frame. Resolutions of 160×120 or 320×240 are common sizes, typically at 10, 12 or 15 frames per second, with picture quality equivalent to a JPEG setting of “50” with mono ADPCM sound sampled at ~8&nbsp;kHz. This results in a very basic, but serviceable video output at a similar storage cost to MPEG (~120&nbsp;kB/s video rate, ~8&nbsp;kB/s audio – or approx 1&nbsp;Mbit/s at 320×240 resolution), but with minimal processing overheads. This video is typically stored in Microsoft's [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] or Apple's [[QuickTime File Format|QuickTime Movie]] container files. These files are viewable natively on most operating systems, however sometimes an additional [[codec]] must be installed.

The [[AMV video format]], common on cheap "MP4" players, is a modified version of M-JPEG.

In addition to portable players (which are mainly "consumers" of the video), many video-enabled digital cameras use M-JPEG for video-capture. For instance:
* In August 2008, Nikon announced the [[Nikon D90|D90]], the first D-SLR to record video. The format used is M-JPEG. The D90 uses three different motion JPEG formats: 320×216 pixels, 640×424 pixels and 1280×720 pixels.
* In June 2009, Pentax announced that the then-upcoming [[Pentax K-7|K-7]] camera would use M-JPEG in resolutions 640×416, 1280×720, and 1536×1024. The data rate for the M-JPEG files created can be up to 74&nbsp;Mbit/s.
* In August 2016, Canon announced that the [[Canon EOS 5D Mark IV|5D Mark IV]] camera would record [[4K resolution|4K video]] in M-JPEG,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/about/newsroom/press-releases/press-release-details/2016/20160825-EOS-b/20160825-EOS-b|title=Press Release Details|website=www.usa.canon.com|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref> with a data rate of approximately 500 Mbit/s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canon.co.uk/cameras/eos-5d-mark-iv/specifications/|title=Specifications & Features - Canon EOS 5D Mark IV - Canon UK|date=2016-09-19|website=www.canon.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref>
[[File:Introducing Wikipedia for KaiOS.webm|thumb|right|200px|A video that was recorded on a Canon 5D mark IV in [[DCI 4K]] using motion jpeg]] 

Many network-enabled cameras provide M-JPEG streams that network clients can connect to. [[Mozilla]] and [[Webkit]]-based browsers have native support for viewing these M-JPEG streams.

Some network-enabled cameras provide their own M-JPEG interfaces as part of the normal feature set. For cameras that don't provide this feature natively, a server can be used to transcode the camera pictures into an M-JPEG stream and then provide that stream to other network clients.

=== Media players ===

Apple announced on September 1, 2010 that their newest version of the Apple TV would support M-JPEG up to 35&nbsp;Mbit/s, 1280 by 720 pixels, 30 frames per second, audio in μlaw, PCM stereo audio in .avi file format.

Certain media players such as the Netgear NeoTV 550 do not support the playback of M-JPEG.

=== Video streaming ===

HTTP streaming separates each image into individual HTTP replies on a specified marker. HTTP streaming creates packets of a sequence of JPEG images that can be received by clients such as [[QuickTime]] or [[VLC media player|VLC]].

In response to a [[GET request]] for a MJPEG file or stream, the server streams the sequence of JPEG frames over [[HTTP]]. A special mime-type [[MIME type#Content-type|content type]] '''multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=<boundary-name>''' informs the client to expect several parts (frames) as an answer delimited by <boundary-name>. This boundary name is expressly disclosed within the MIME-type declaration itself. The TCP connection is not closed as long as the client wants to receive new frames and the server wants to provide new frames. Two basic implementations of a M-JPEG streaming server are ''cambozola'' and ''[[MJPG-Streamer]]''. The more robust ''[[ffmpeg-server]]'' also provides M-JPEG streaming support.

Native web browser support includes: [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], [[Google Chrome]], [[Microsoft Edge]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/documentation/dev-guide/html5/video/|title=Dev guide: Video - Microsoft Edge Development|website=developer.microsoft.com|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> and [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]].<ref>M-JPEG streams sent to early versions of Mozilla Firefox had to be enclosed within an HTTP document to avoid flickering. See [https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=625012 Bug 625012] (fixed&nbsp;in&nbsp;2014).</ref> Other browsers, such as [[Internet Explorer]] can display M-JPEG streams with the help of external plugins. Cambozola is an applet that can show M-JPEG streams in Java-enabled browsers. M-JPEG is also natively supported by PlayStation and QuickTime. Most commonly, M-JPEG is used in IP based security cameras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Claudemir |date=2017-04-25 |title=How CCTV codecs work (CCTV codec easily explained) by Learn CCTV |url=https://learncctv.com/how-cctv-codecs-work/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Learn CCTV.com |language=en-US}}</ref>