Editing Muhammad al-Bukhari (section)

== Works ==
{{Main|Sahih al-Bukhari|Al-Adab al-Mufrad|Al-Tarikh al-Kabir}}
[[File:BukhariTripEnglish.jpg|thumb|274x274px|right|Al-Bukhari's travels seeking and studying hadith.]]''Sahih al-Bukhari'' is considered Al-Bukhari's ''[[magnum opus]]''. It is a collection of approximately 7,563 ''hadith'' narrations across 97 chapters creating a basis for a complete system of [[Fiqh|jurisprudence]] without the use of speculative law. The book is highly regarded among Sunni Muslims, and most Sunni scholars consider it second only to the [[Quran]] in terms of authenticity. It is considered one of the most authentic collection of hadith, even ahead of ''[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]'' and ''[[Sahih Muslim]]''. Alongside the latter, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' is known as one of the '''Sahihayn'' (Two ''Sahihs'')' and they are together part of the [[Kutub al-Sittah]].<ref name="auto">Abdul Qadir Muhammad Jalal et al., "Elevating Imam Al Bukhari: Affirming the Status of Imam Al Bukhari and His Sahih by Dispelling the Misconceptions Surrounding them", Lagos 2021</ref> One of the most famous stories from the ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' is the story of Muhammad's first revelation.

Al-Bukhari wrote three works discussing narrators of hadith with respect to their ability in conveying their material. These are ''Al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr'', ''Al-Tarīkh al-Awsaţ'', and ''Al-Tarīkh al-Ṣaghīr.'' Of these, ''Al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr'' is published and well-known, while Al-Tarīkh al-Ṣaghīr is lost.<ref>Fihris Musannafāt al-Bukhāri, pp. 28-30.</ref> Al-Dhahabi quotes Al-Bukhari as having said, “When I turned eighteen years old, I began writing about the companions and the ''tabi'un'' and their statements. [...] At that time I also authored a book of history at the [[Green Dome|grave of the Prophet]] at night during a full moon."<ref name=":0"/> The books being referred to here were ''Qadhāyas-Sahābah wa at-Tābi'īn'' and ''[[Al-Tarikh al-Kabir|Al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr]].'' Al-Bukhari also wrote al-Kunā on [[patronymic]]s, and Al-Ḍu'afā al-Ṣaghīr on weak narrators of hadith.<ref>Fihris Muṣannafāt al-Bukhāri, pp. 9-61, Dār al-'Āṣimah, Riyaḍ: 1410.</ref> [[Al-Adab al-Mufrad]] is a collection of hadith narrations on [[ethics]] and manners.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=AdabMufrad |url=http://bewley.virtualave.net/AdabMufrad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231020651/http://bewley.virtualave.net/AdabMufrad.html |archive-date=31 December 2014 |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=bewley.virtualave.net}}</ref>

In response to the accusations levied against him during his ''mihna'', Al-Bukhari compiled the [[treatise]] ''Khalq Af'āl al-'Ibād'', the earliest traditionalist representation of the position taken by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, in which Al-Bukhari explains that the Quran is God's uncreated speech, while maintaining that God creates human actions, as the Sunnis had insisted in their attacks on the free-will position of [[Qadariyah]]. The first section of the book reports narrations from earlier scholars such as [[Sufyan al-Thawri]] that affirmed the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] doctrine of the uncreated nature of the [[Quran]] and condemned anyone who held the contrary position as a ''[[Jahmi]]'' or [[Kafir|''Kāfir'']]. The second section asserts that the acts of men are created, relying on Qur'anic verses and reports from earlier traditionalist scholars like [[Yahya ibn Sa'd|Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qatlan]]. In the last part of his treatise, Al-Bukhari harshly condemned the ''[[Muʿtazila|Mutazilites]]'', defending the belief that sound of the Qur'an being recited is created.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |title=The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15839-9 |location=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands |pages=80–82 |chapter=Three: The Genesis of al-Bukhārī and Muslim}}</ref> Al-Bukhari cited Ahmad Ibn Hanbal as evidence for his position, re-affirming the latter's legacy and the former's allegiance to the ''Ahl al-Hadith.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |title=The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15839-9 |location=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands |pages=79 |chapter=Three: The Genesis of al-Bukhārī and Muslim |quote="Al-Bukhari’s allegiance to the ahl al-hadith camp and to Ibn Hanbal himself is thus obvious. Indeed, he quotes Ibn Hanbal as evidence for his position on the lafz."}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |title=The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15839-9 |location=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands |pages=79 |chapter=Three: The Genesis of al-Bukhārī and Muslim}}</ref>''

=== List of works ===
'''Historical and biographical works'''<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Abu-Alabbas |first=Belal |title=Between scripture and human reason: an intellectual biography of Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī (d.256/870) |date=2018 |pages=38–39}}</ref>

* ''[[Al-Tarikh al-Kabir]]'' = ''Kitāb al-Tārīkh'' (The Great History)
* ''Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar min al-tārīkh'' = ''al-Tārīkh al-awsaṭ''
* ''Asāmī al-ṣaḥābah'' (On the Prophet's Companions)

'''Hadith collections and sciences<ref name=":5" />'''
* ''[[Khalq Afaal Al Ibaad]]''
* ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''
* ''Al-Duʿafāʾ'' = ''al-Duʿafāʾ al-kabīr'' = ''al-Duʿafāʾ al-ṣaghīr''
* ''Kitāb al-wuḥdān'' (On the Companions from whom only one hadith is transmitted) (lost)
* ''Kitāb al-ʿilal'' (lost)
* ''Birr al-wālidayn'' (hadith collection on filial piety)
* ''[[Al-Adab al-Mufrad]]''
* ''Kitāb al-hiba''

'''Fiqh and theological works<ref name=":5" />'''

* ''Al-Sunan fī al-fiqh'' = ''al-Fawāʾid'' = ''al-Mabṣūṭ'' (lost)
* ''Al-Jāmiʾ al-Ṣaḥīḥ'' = ''al-Jāmiʿ al-kabīr'' = ''al-Musnad al-kabīr''
* ''Rafʿ al-yadayn fī al-ṣalāh''
* ''Al-Qirāʾa khalfa al-imām''
* ''Kitāb Khalq afʿal al-ʿibād''