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Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
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===Early Muslim presence=== [[File:Mohammad adil rais-Rashidun Caliphate-different phases.gif|thumb|Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 AD)]] The connection between the Hindu Sind and [[Islam]] was established by the initial Muslim missions during the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]. Hakim ibn Jabala al-Abdi, who attacked [[Makran]] in the year 649 AD, was an early partisan of [[Ali|Ali ibn Abu Talib]].<ref name=":0">{{harvnb|MacLean1989|p=126}}</ref> During the caliphate of Ali, many Jats of Sindh had come under influence of Islam<ref>S. A. A. Rizvi, "A socio-intellectual History of Isna Ashari Shi'is in India", Volo. 1, pp. 138, Mar'ifat Publishing House, Canberra (1986).</ref> and some even participated in the [[Battle of Camel]] and died fighting for [[Ali]].<ref name=":0" /> Harith ibn Murrah al-Abdi and Sayfi ibn Fasayl' al-Shaybani, both officers of Ali's army, attacked Makran in the year 658.<ref name=":0" /> Sayfi was one of the seven shias who were beheaded alongside [[Hujr ibn Adi]] al-Kindi in 660 AD near Damascus.<ref name=":0" /> Under the Umayyads (661β750 AD), many Shias sought asylum in the region of Sindh, to live in relative peace in the remote area. Ziyad Hindi is one of those refugees.<ref>S. A. N. Rezavi, "The Shia Muslims", in History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. 2, Part. 2: "Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India", Chapter 13, Oxford University Press (2006).</ref>
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