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Multiple sclerosis
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===Onset=== 85% of cases begin as a [[clinically isolated syndrome]] (CIS) over a number of days with 45% having motor or sensory problems, 20% having [[optic neuritis]],<ref name="Petzold_2022" /> and 10% having symptoms related to [[brainstem]] dysfunction, while the remaining 25% have more than one of the aforementioned difficulties.<ref name="Tsang20112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsang BK, Macdonell R |date=December 2011 |title=Multiple sclerosis- diagnosis, management and prognosis |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=40 |issue=12 |pages=948β955 |pmid=22146321}}</ref> With optic neuritis as the most common presenting symptom, people with MS notice sub-acute loss of vision, often associated with pain worsening on eye movement, and reduced color vision. Early diagnosis of MS-associated optic neuritis helps timely initiation of targeted treatments. However, it is crucial to adhere to established diagnostic criteria when treating optic neuritis due to the broad range of alternative causes, such as [[neuromyelitis optica]] spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and other autoimmune or infectious conditions. The course of symptoms occurs in two main patterns initially: either as episodes of sudden worsening that last a few days to months (called [[relapse]]s, exacerbations, bouts, attacks, or flare-ups) followed by improvement (85% of cases) or as a gradual worsening over time without periods of recovery (10β15% of cases).<ref name=Milo2010 /> A combination of these two patterns may also occur<ref name="pmid8780061" /> or people may start in a relapsing and remitting course that then becomes progressive later on.<ref name=Milo2010 />
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