Editing Myocarditis (section)

=== Drug reactions and toxins ===
* [[Anthracycline]]s and other forms of [[chemotherapy]]
* [[Antipsychotic]]s including [[clozapine]]
* [[ethanol|Alcohol]]
* Stimulants such as [[mephedrone]] and [[cocaine]]<ref name="pmid21062771">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nicholson PJ, Quinn MJ, Dodd JD | title = Headshop heartache: acute mephedrone 'meow' myocarditis | journal = Heart | volume = 96 | issue = 24 | pages = 2051–2052 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21062771 | doi = 10.1136/hrt.2010.209338 | s2cid = 36684597 }}</ref>
* Arsenic
* Carbon monoxide
* [[Snake envenomation|Snake venom]]
* [[Heavy metals]] ([[copper]] or [[iron]])<ref name="Kin2012"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Parsamanesh N, Karami-Zarandi M, Banach M, Penson PE, Sahebkar A | title = Effects of statins on myocarditis: A review of underlying molecular mechanisms | journal = Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases | volume = 67 | pages = 53–64 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 33621589 | doi = 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.02.008 | s2cid = 232037014 | url = https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14497/1/Effects%20of%20Statins%20on%20Myocarditis-%20A%20Review%20of%20Underlying%20Molecular%20Mechanisms.pdf }}</ref>

==== Vaccination ====
* Myocarditis and [[pericarditis]] can be a side effect of some vaccines like the [[Smallpox vaccination|smallpox vaccine]].<ref name="pmid29572367">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keinath K, Church T, Kurth B, Hulten E | title = Myocarditis secondary to smallpox vaccination | journal = BMJ Case Reports | volume = 2018 | issue = | pages = | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29572367 | pmc = 5878341 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2017-223523 }}</ref>
* Myocarditis can be a side-effect of the Covid-19 [[mRNA vaccine]]s. The [[FDA]] and [[European Medicines Agency]] estimates the risk of myocarditis after the Covid-19 vaccine as 1 case per 100,000 of those who are vaccinated.<ref name="Basso NEJM" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ling RR, Ramanathan K, Tan FL, Tai BC, Somani J, Fisher D, MacLaren G |title=Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Lancet Respir Med |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=679–688 |date=July 2022 |pmid=35421376 |pmc=9000914 |doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00059-5 |type=Systematic review}}</ref> The risk of myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination was observed to be highest in males between 16–29 years of age, and after receiving the second dose of the mRNA Covid-19 vaccine.<ref name="biontech">{{cite journal | vauthors = Oster ME, Shay DK, Su JR, Gee J, Creech CB, Broder KR, Edwards K, Soslow JH, Dendy JM, Schlaudecker E, Lang SM, Barnett ED, Ruberg FL, Smith MJ, Campbell MJ, Lopes RD, Sperling LS, Baumblatt JA, Thompson DL, Marquez PL, Strid P, Woo J, Pugsley R, Reagan-Steiner S, DeStefano F, Shimabukuro TT | display-authors = 6 | title = Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021 | journal = JAMA | volume = 327 | issue = 4 | pages = 331–340 | date = January 2022 | pmid = 35076665 | pmc = 8790664 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2021.24110 }}</ref><ref name="NEJM Mevoarach">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mevorach D, Anis E, Cedar N, Bromberg M, Haas EJ, Nadir E, Olsha-Castell S, Arad D, Hasin T, Levi N, Asleh R, Amir O, Meir K, Cohen D, Dichtiar R, Novick D, Hershkovitz Y, Dagan R, Leitersdorf I, Ben-Ami R, Miskin I, Saliba W, Muhsen K, Levi Y, Green MS, Keinan-Boker L, Alroy-Preis S |display-authors=6 |title=Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=2 December 2021 |volume=385 |issue=23 |pages=2140–9 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2109730|pmid=34614328 |pmc=8531987 }}</ref> For this group, incidence of myocarditis has been reported to be between 1 case in 2500 to 1 case per 10,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tproveau |date=2022-10-14 |title=Do Vaccines Cause Myocarditis and/or Myocardopathy? |url=https://www.vaccinesafety.edu/do-vaccines-cause-myocarditis-and-or-myocardopathy/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Institute for Vaccine Safety }}</ref>