Editing Naproxen (section)

===Gastrointestinal===
As with other non-[[COX-2]] selective NSAIDs, naproxen can cause [[gastrointestinal problem]]s, such as heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, ulcers and stomach bleeding.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000526 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100722112536/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000526 | archive-date = 22 July 2010 | date = 1 September 2008 | title = Naproxen | website = PubMed Health }}</ref> Naproxen should be taken orally with, or just after food, to decrease the risk of [[Gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal]] side effects.<ref name="NHS_2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/naproxen/how-and-when-to-take-naproxen/ |title= How to take it|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20 January 2022 |website=NHS.Gov |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Persons with a history of [[ulcers]] or [[inflammatory bowel disease]] should consult a doctor before taking naproxen.<ref name="NHS_2022"/> In U.S. markets, naproxen is sold with [[boxed warning]]s about the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding.<ref name=drugs/> Naproxen poses an intermediate risk of stomach ulcers compared with [[ibuprofen]], which is low-risk, and [[indometacin]], which is high-risk.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O, Rabenda V, Bouvenot G, Audran M, Herrero-Beaumont G, Moore A, Eliakim R, Haim M, Reginster JY | title = Time dependent risk of gastrointestinal complications induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use: a consensus statement using a meta-analytic approach | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 759–766 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15194568 | pmc = 1755051 | doi = 10.1136/ard.2003.015925 }}</ref> To reduce stomach ulceration risk, it is often combined with a [[proton-pump inhibitor]] (a medication that reduces [[stomach acid]] production) during long-term treatment of those with pre-existing stomach ulcers or a history of developing stomach ulcers while on NSAIDs.<ref name="AMH">{{cite book | veditors = Rossi S | isbn = 978-0-9805790-9-3 | title = Australian Medicines Handbook | place = Adelaide | publisher = The Australian Medicines Handbook Unit Trust | year = 2013 | edition = 2013 }}</ref><ref name="BNF">{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-85711-084-8 | title = British National Formulary (BNF) | last1 = Joint Formulary Committee | year = 2013 | publisher = Pharmaceutical Press | location = London, UK | edition = 65 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bnf65britishnati0000unse/page/665 665, 673] | url = https://archive.org/details/bnf65britishnati0000unse/page/665 }}</ref>