Editing Neomycin (section)

==Molecular biology==

===Activity===
Neomycin's antibacterial activity stems from its binding to the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic [[ribosome]], where it inhibits prokaryotic translation of mRNA.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mehta R, Champney WS | title = Neomycin and paromomycin inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit assembly in Staphylococcus aureus | journal = Current Microbiology | volume = 47 | issue = 3 | pages = 237–43 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 14570276 | doi = 10.1007/s00284-002-3945-9 | s2cid = 23170091 }}</ref>

Neomycin also exhibits a high binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid component of cell membranes.<ref name="pmid2537103">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gabev E, Kasianowicz J, Abbott T, McLaughlin S | title = Binding of neomycin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes | volume = 979 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–12 | date = February 1989 | pmid = 2537103 | doi = 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90529-4 }}</ref>

===Resistance===
Neomycin resistance is conferred by either one of two [[kanamycin kinase]] genes.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1999-March/073912.html |title= G418/neomycin-cross resistance? |access-date= 2008-10-19 |archive-date= 2009-06-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090625211444/http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1999-March/073912.html |url-status= live }}</ref> Genes conferring neomycin-resistance are commonly included in DNA [[plasmid]]s used to establish stable mammalian [[cell line]]s expressing cloned proteins in culture. Many commercially available protein expression plasmids contain a ''neo''-resistance gene as a [[selectable marker]].
Currently, research is being performed to understand if derivatives of neomycin have the same antibiotic effects while still being effective against neomycin-resistant bacteria.<ref>Bera, S.; Zhanel, G.; Schweizer, F. Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities of Neomycin−Lipid Conjugates: Polycationic Lipids with Potent Gram-Positive Activity | Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2003, 51, 6160-6164.</ref>