Editing New Laws (section)

== Effects ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2019}}
The King promulgated the ''New Laws'' in 1542. In addition to regulating encomienda and treatment of Indians, they reorganized the overseas colonial administration. Several General Captainships were established, such as the Kingdom of Guatemala, to create another level of Crown authority in the colony. 

===Resistance in Peru===
When the New Laws were passed, every European man holding an encomienda in Peru learned that his grant of labor could be confiscated if he was guilty of having taken part in the civil disturbances of [[Francisco Pizarro]] and [[Diego de Almagro]]. As a result, privileged Spanish colonists were disturbed about implementing the New Laws. In Peru, [[Gonzalo Pizarro]] led a revolt of protesting encomenderos, who took to arms to "maintain their rights by force" for control of Indian lands and labor.

The Supreme Court of Peru invited Pizarro to take control of the government after his forces reached Lima from Bolivia. Pizarro took over [[Lima]] and [[Quito]] (now in Ecuador). Viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela, who had attempted to impose the decrees, was overthrown. Pizarro and his army killed Núñez Vela in 1546. Pizarro's power stretched from Peru north to Panama. Charles I and the court became alarmed, and were convinced that the immediate abolition of the ''encomienda'' system would bring economic ruin to the colonies. To deal with the revolt, Charles I sent [[Pedro de la Gasca]] to the colony; a bishop and diplomat, he did not command an army but was given full powers to rule and negotiate a settlement with Pizarro and his followers. However, Pizarro declared Peru independent from the King. La Gasca provisionally suspended the New Laws. Pizarro was later captured and executed, accused of being a "traitor to the King."{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}