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Night monkey
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=== Distribution === A primary distinction between red-necked and gray-necked night monkeys is spatial distribution. Gray-necked night monkeys (''Aotus lemurinus'' group) are found north of the Amazon River, while the red-necked group (''Aotus azare'' group) are localized south of the Amazon River.<ref name="Ferndandez-Duque-2012">{{Cite journal|last=Ferndandez- Duque|first=E|date=2012|title=Owl Monkeys ''Aotus'' spp. in the wild and in captivity|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=46|pages=80–94|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.2011.00156.x|hdl=11336/101658|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Red-necked night monkeys are found throughout various regions of the Amazon rainforest of South America, with some variation occurring between the four species. [[Nancy Ma's night monkey]] occurs in both flooded and unflooded tropical rainforest regions of Peru, preferring moist swamp and mountainous areas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carrillo-Bilbao|first1=Gabriel|last2=Fiore|first2=Anthony Di|last3=Fernandez-Duque|first3=Eduardo|date=2008-04-01|title=Behavior, Ecology, and Demography of ''Aotus vociferans'' in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador|journal=International Journal of Primatology|language=en|volume=29|issue=2|pages=421–431|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9244-y|s2cid=10756899|issn=1573-8604|hdl=11336/104477|hdl-access=free}}</ref> This species has been observed nesting in regions of the Andes<ref name="Shanee-2015">{{Cite journal|last1=Shanee|first1=Sam|last2=Allgas|first2=Nestor|last3=Shanee|first3=Noga|last4=Campbell|first4=Nicola|date=2015-03-26|title=Distribution, ecological niche modelling and conservation assessment of the Peruvian Night Monkey (Mammalia: Primates: Aotidae: ''Aotus miconax'' Thomas, 1927) in northeastern Peru, with notes on the distributions of ''Aotus'' spp.|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=7|issue=3|pages=6947–6964|doi=10.11609/jott.o4184.6947-64|issn=0974-7893|doi-access=free}}</ref> and has recently been introduced to Colombia, likely as a result of post-research release into the community.<ref name="Svensson-2016">{{Cite journal|last1=Svensson|first1=Magdalena S.|last2=Shanee|first2=Sam|last3=Shanee|first3=Noga|last4=Bannister|first4=Flavia B.|last5=Cervera|first5=Laura|last6=Donati|first6=Giuseppe|last7=Huck|first7=Maren|last8=Jerusalinsky|first8=Leandro|last9=Juarez|first9=Cecilia P.|date=2016|title=Disappearing in the Night: An Overview on Trade and Legislation of Night Monkeys in South and Central America|journal=Folia Primatologica|volume=87|issue=5|pages=332–348|doi=10.1159/000454803|pmid=28095375|s2cid=21924164|issn=0015-5713|url=http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/66059/1/Svensson%20et%20al%202016_revised.pdf}}</ref> The [[black-headed night monkey]] is also found mainly in the Peruvian Amazon (central and upper Amazon), however its range extends throughout Brazil and Bolivia<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anderson|first=S|date=1997|title=Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume=231}}</ref> to the base of the Andes mountain chain.<ref name="Hershkovitz-1983">{{Cite journal|last=Hershkovitz|first=Philip|date=1983|title=Two new species of night monkeys, genus ''Aotus'' (Cebidae, platyrrhini): A preliminary report on ''Aotus'' taxonomy|journal=American Journal of Primatology|volume=4|issue=3|pages=209–243|doi=10.1002/ajp.1350040302|pmid=31991954|s2cid=84562795|issn=0275-2565}}</ref> Night monkeys such like the black-headed night monkey, generally inhabit cloud forests; areas with consistent presence of low clouds with a high mist and moisture content which allows for lush and rich vegetation to grow year round, providing excellent food and lodging sources. The [[Peruvian night monkey]], like Nancy Ma's night monkey, is endemic to the Peruvian Andes however it is found at a higher elevation, approximately {{Convert|800|-|2400|m|ft}} above sea level and therefore exploits different niches of this habitat.<ref name="Hershkovitz-1983" /> The distribution of ''A. azare'', extends further towards the Atlantic Ocean, spanning Argentina, Bolivia and the drier, south western regions of Paraguay,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fernandez-Duque|first1=Eduardo|last2=Di Fiore|first2=Anthony|last3=Carrillo-Bilbao|first3=Gabriel|date=April 2008|title=Behavior, Ecology, and Demography of ''Aotus vociferans'' in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador|journal=International Journal of Primatology|volume=29|issue=2|pages=421–431|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9244-y|s2cid=10756899|issn=0164-0291|hdl=11336/104477|hdl-access=free}}</ref> however unlike the other red-necked night monkey species, it is not endemic to Brazil.
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