Editing Nucleoplasm (section)

=== Ions ===
[[File:NaKpompe2.jpg|thumb|alt=alt text|An example of the [[sodium-potassium pump]], a [[P-type ATPase]], which controls the ionic gradient across the [[cell membrane]] and the [[nuclear envelope]] as well as the ionic makeup of the nucleoplasm through the selective pumping of [[sodium]] and [[potassium]] [[ion]]s.]]
The ionic composition of the nucleoplasm is crucial in maintaining [[homeostasis]] within the cell and the organism as a whole. Ions that have been documented in the nucleoplasm include [[sodium]], [[potassium]], [[calcium]], [[phosphorus]], and [[magnesium]]. These ions are key players in a variety of biological functions. Sodium and potassium play key roles in the [[sodium-potassium pump]], a [[transmembrane]] [[ATPase]] that pumps three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it pumps into the cell, creating an ionic gradient.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/118 |title=Molecule of the Month: Sodium-Potassium Pump |last=Goodsell |first=David |date=October 2009 |website=PDB-101 |access-date=October 30, 2022 |doi=10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_10|url-access=subscription }}</ref> While this pump is generally considered to be a [[plasma membrane]] protein, its presence has been recorded in the nuclear envelope, controlling the ionic gradient between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of the cell and contributing to the homeostasis of calcium within the cell.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Galva |first1=Charitha |last2=Artigas |first2=Pablo |last3=Gatto |first3=Craig |date= December 2012|title=Nuclear Na+/K+-ATPase plays an active role in nucleoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis |journal= Journal of Cell Science|volume=125 |issue=24 |pages=6137–6147 |doi=10.1242/jcs.114959|pmid=23077175 |pmc=3585523 }}</ref> These ions also determine the concentration gradient that exists between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, serving to control the flow of ions across the nuclear envelope.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1= Yufei |last2=Pegoraro |first2=Adrian |last3=Weitz |first3=David |last4=Janmey |first4=Paul|last5=Sun|first5=Sean|date= February 2022|title=The correlation between cell and nucleus size is explained by an eukaryotic cell growth model |journal= PLOS Computational Biology|volume=18 |issue=2 |pages= e1009400 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009400|pmid= 35180215 |pmc= 8893647 |doi-access= free }}</ref> They are important in maintaining the osmolarity of the nucleoplasm which in turn provides structural integrity to the nuclear envelope as well as the organelles suspended in the dense nucleoplasm.