Editing Organizational theory (section)

===Summary of characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy===
Weber identified the following components of bureaucracy as essential:<ref name="Weber">{{cite book|last= Weber|first= Max|title= Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (2 Volume Set)|publisher= University of California Press}}</ref>

* Official jurisdiction in all areas is ordered by rules or laws already implemented.
* There is an office hierarchy; a system of [[Superordinate goals|super-]] and [[Subordinationism|sub-ordination]] in which higher offices supervise lower ones.
* The management of the modern office is based upon written rules, which are preserved in their original form.
* Office management requires training and specialization.
* When the office is developed/established it requires the full working capacity of individuals.
* Rules are stable and can be learned. Knowledge of these rules can be viewed as expertise within the bureaucracy (these allow for the management of society).

When a bureaucracy is implemented, it can provide accountability, responsibility, control, and consistency. The hiring of employees will be an impersonal and equal system.<ref name="Weber" /> Although the classical perspective encourages efficiency, it is often{{quantify|date=January 2017}} criticized as ignoring human needs. Also, it rarely takes into consideration human error or the variability of work performances (since each worker is different).

In the case of the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]], [[NASA]] managers overlooked the possibility of human error.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Vaughan|first= Diane|title= The Trickle-Down Effect: Policy Decisions, Risky Work, and the Challenger Effect|doi= 10.2307/41165888|publisher= California Management Review|jstor= 41165888|s2cid= 153988785}}</ref> (See also: [[Three Mile Island accident]].)<ref>{{cite book|last=Perrow|first=Charles|title=Normal Accidents|date=12 October 2011|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/ebook/9781400828494/normal-accidents|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400828494}}</ref>