Editing Orgasm (section)

==== Clitoral and vaginal categories ====
[[File:Vulva - Sexual response.png|thumb|right|Images of the female vulva in various stages of the sexual response cycle]]
Discussions of female orgasm are complicated by orgasms in women typically being divided into two categories: clitoral orgasm and vaginal (or G-spot) orgasm.<ref name="Mah" /><ref name="Sex and Society" /> In 1973, [[Irving Singer]] theorized that there are three types of female orgasms; he categorized these as [[vulva]]l, uterine, and blended, but because he was a philosopher, "these categories were generated from descriptions of orgasm in literature rather than laboratory studies."<ref name="Rosenthal" /> In 1982, Ladas, [[Beverly Whipple|Whipple]] and Perry also proposed three categories: the tenting type (derived from clitoral stimulation), the A-frame type (derived from G-spot stimulation), and the blended type (derived from clitoral and G-spot stimulation).<ref name="Bolin & Whelehan">{{cite book |title = Human Sexuality: Biological, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives |isbn = 978-0-7890-2672-9 |publisher = [[Taylor & Francis]] |date = 2009 |page = 276 |access-date = February 11, 2012 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lDQoIhOwwdYC&pg=PA276 |author1 = Anne Bolin |author2 = Patricia Whelehan |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055140/https://books.google.com/books?id=lDQoIhOwwdYC&pg=PA276 |url-status = live }}</ref> In 1999, Whipple and Komisaruk proposed [[cervix]] stimulation as being able to cause a fourth type of female orgasm.<ref name="Bolin & Whelehan" />

Female orgasms by means other than clitoral or vaginal/G-spot stimulation are less prevalent in scientific literature,<ref name="Mah" /> and most scientists contend that no distinction should be made between "types" of female orgasm.<ref name="Sex and Society" /> This distinction began with [[Sigmund Freud]], who postulated the concept of "vaginal orgasm" as separate from clitoral orgasm.<!-- NOTE: Rules are "promulgated"; theories are "postulated."--> In 1905, Freud stated that clitoral orgasms are purely an adolescent phenomenon and that upon reaching puberty, the proper response of mature women is a change-over to vaginal orgasms, meaning orgasms without any clitoral stimulation. While Freud provided no evidence for this basic assumption, the consequences of this theory were considerable. Many women felt inadequate when they could not achieve orgasm via vaginal intercourse alone, involving little or no clitoral stimulation, as Freud's theory made penile–vaginal intercourse the central component to women's sexual satisfaction.<ref name="Zastrow">{{cite book |author = Charles Zastrow |author-link = Charles Zastrow |title = Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People |publisher = [[Cengage]] |date = 2007 |page = 228 |access-date = March 15, 2014 |isbn = 978-0-495-09510-1 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055146/https://books.google.com/books?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Irvine">{{cite book |title = Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology |isbn = 978-1-59213-151-8 |publisher = Temple University Press |date = 2005 |pages = 37–38 |access-date = January 3, 2012 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37 |author = Janice M. Irvine |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055146/https://books.google.com/books?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Difference">{{cite web |title = Difference between clitoral and vaginal orgasm |publisher = [[Go Ask Alice!]] |date = March 28, 2008 |access-date = April 21, 2010 |url = http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/difference-between-clitoral-and-vaginal-orgasm |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150729172459/http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/difference-between-clitoral-and-vaginal-orgasm |archive-date = July 29, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Gould">{{cite book |author = Stephen Jay Gould |title = The Structure of Evolutionary Theory |publisher = [[Harvard University Press]] |date = 2002 |pages = 1262–1263 |access-date = August 27, 2012 |isbn = 978-0-674-00613-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nhIl7e61WOUC&pg=PA767 |author-link = Stephen Jay Gould |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055152/https://books.google.com/books?id=nhIl7e61WOUC&pg=PA767 |url-status = live }}</ref>

The first major national surveys of sexual behavior in the U.S. were the [[Kinsey Reports]].<ref name="Andersen" /> [[Alfred Kinsey]] was the first researcher to harshly criticize Freud's ideas about female sexuality and orgasm when, through his interviews with thousands of women,<ref name="Andersen" /> Kinsey found that most of the women he surveyed could not have vaginal orgasms.<ref name="Irvine" /> He "criticized Freud and other theorists for projecting male constructs of sexuality onto women" and "viewed the clitoris as the main center of sexual response" and the vagina as "relatively unimportant" for sexual satisfaction, relaying that "few women inserted fingers or objects into their vaginas when they masturbated." He "concluded that satisfaction from penile penetration [is] mainly psychological or perhaps the result of referred sensation".<ref name="Irvine" />

Masters and Johnson's research into the female [[Human sexual response cycle|sexual response cycle]], as well as [[Shere Hite]]'s, generally supported Kinsey's findings about female orgasm.<ref name="Hite" /><ref name="Irvine" /><ref name="Archer, Lloyd">{{cite book |title = Sex and Gender |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] |date = 2002 |pages = 85–88 |access-date = August 25, 2012 |isbn = 978-0-521-63533-2 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BJ1V9r_J0sUC&pg=PA85 |author1 = John Archer |author2 = Barbara Lloyd |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055101/https://books.google.com/books?id=BJ1V9r_J0sUC&pg=PA85 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Masters and Johnson">{{cite book |last = Federation of Feminist Women's Health Centers |date = 1991 |title = A New View of a Woman's Body |publisher = Feminist Heath Press |page = 46 }}</ref> Masters and Johnson's research on the topic came at the time of the [[second-wave feminism|second-wave feminist movement]] and inspired feminists such as [[Anne Koedt]], author of ''[[The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm]]'', to speak about the "false distinction" made between clitoral and vaginal orgasms and women's biology not being properly analyzed.<ref name="Koedt">{{cite news |first = Anne |last = Koedt |title = The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm |publisher = [[Chicago Women's Liberation Union]] (CWLU) |date = 1970 |access-date = December 12, 2011 |url = http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130106211856/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html |archive-date = January 6, 2013 }}</ref>