Editing Painted turtle (section)

===DNA===
The turtle's [[karyotype]] (nuclear DNA, rather than mitochondrial DNA) consists of 50&nbsp;[[chromosome]]s, the same number as the rest of its subfamily-mates and the most common number for Emydidae turtles in general.{{sfn|Ernst|Barbour|Lovich|1994|p=276}}<ref name=Bickham>{{cite journal |last1=Bickham |first1=John W. |last2=Carr |first2=John L. |title=Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Higher Categories of Cryptodiran Turtles Based on a Cladistic Analysis of Chromosomal Data |journal=Copeia |date=14 December 1983 |volume=1983 |issue=4 |pages=918–932 |doi=10.2307/1445093 |jstor=1445093 |s2cid=29543729 }} as cited in {{harvnb|Mann|2007|p=10}}</ref><ref name=Killebrew>{{cite journal |id={{INIST|PASCAL7850376068}} {{NAID|20001602985}} |last=Killebrew |first=F. C. |title=Mitotic chromosomes of turtles. IV. The Emydidae |journal=Texas Journal of Science |date=1977 |volume=24 |pages=249–253 }} as cited in {{harvnb|Mann|2007|p=10}}</ref> Less well-related turtles have from 26 to 66 chromosomes.<ref name="Killebrew count">{{cite journal|last=Killebrew|first=Flavius C.|title=Mitotic chromosomes of turtles: I. The Pelomedusidae|journal=Journal of Herpetology|date=1975-07-28|volume=9|issue=3|pages=282–285|doi=10.2307/1563192|jstor=1563192}}</ref> Little systematic study of variations of the painted turtle's karotype among populations has been done.{{sfn|Mann|2007|p=11}} (However, in 1967, research on ''protein'' structure of offshore island populations in New England, showed differences from mainland turtles.)<ref name=Waters>{{cite journal|last=Waters|first=J. H.|title=Additional observations of Southeastern Massachusetts insular and|journal=Copeia|date=1969|volume=1|issue=1|pages=179–182|doi=10.2307/1441709 |jstor=1441709}} as cited in {{harvnb|Mann|2007|p=11}}</ref>

Comparison of subspecies chromosomal DNA has been discussed, to help address the debate over Starkey's proposed taxonomy, but as of 2009 had not been reported.{{sfn|Mann|2007|p=11}}{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=22}} The complete sequencing of the genetic code for the painted turtle was at a "draft assembled" state in 2010. The turtle was one of two reptiles chosen to be first sequenced.<ref name=Genome>{{cite web|title=Approved sequencing targets|url=http://www.genome.gov/10002154|publisher=National Human Genome Research Institutes (National Institutes of Health)|access-date=2011-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727144954/https://www.genome.gov/10002154|archive-date=2012-07-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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