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Palatalization (phonetics)
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=== Phonemic palatalization === In some languages, palatalization is a [[distinctive feature]] that distinguishes two consonant [[phoneme]]s. This feature occurs in [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Irish language|Irish]], and [[Scottish Gaelic]], among others. Phonemic palatalization may be contrasted with either plain or [[velarization|velarized]] articulation. In many of the [[Slavic languages]], and some of the [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] and [[Finnic languages]], palatalized consonants contrast with plain consonants, but in [[Irish language|Irish]] they contrast with velarized consonants. * Russian {{wikt-lang|ru|нос}} {{audio-IPA|Ru-нос.ogg|/nos/|help=no}} "nose" (unpalatalized {{IPA|/n/}}) : {{wikt-lang|ru|нести|нёс}} {{audio-IPA|Ru-нёс.ogg|/nʲos/|help=no}} [nʲɵs] "(he) carried" (palatalized {{IPA|/nʲ/}}) * Irish {{wikt-lang|ga|bó}} {{audio-IPA|ga-bó.ogg|/bˠoː/|help=no}} "cow" (velarized ''b'') : {{wikt-lang|ga|beo}} {{audio-IPA|ga-beo.ogg|/bʲoː/|help=no}} "alive" (palatalized ''b'') Some palatalized phonemes undergo change beyond phonetic palatalization. For instance, the unpalatalized sibilant (Irish {{IPA|/sˠ/}}, Scottish {{IPA|/s̪/}}) has a palatalized counterpart that is actually [[postalveolar]] {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, not phonetically palatalized {{IPA|[sʲ]}}, and the velar fricative {{IPA|/x/}} in both languages has a palatalized counterpart that is actually palatal {{IPA|[ç]}} rather than palatalized velar {{IPA|[xʲ]}}. These shifts in primary [[place of articulation]] are examples of the sound change of [[Palatalization (sound change)|palatalization]].
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