Editing Pathophysiology (section)

====Reductionism====

In Germany in the 1830s, [[Johannes Peter Müller|Johannes Müller]] led the establishment of physiology research autonomous from medical research.  In 1843, the [[Berlin Physical Society]] was founded in part to purge biology and medicine of [[vitalism]], and in 1847 [[Hermann von Helmholtz]], who joined the Society in 1845, published the paper "On the conservation of energy", highly influential to reduce physiology's research foundation to physical sciences. In the late 1850s, German [[anatomical pathology|anatomical pathologist]] [[Rudolf Virchow]], a former student of Müller, directed focus to the cell, establishing [[Cytopathology|cytology]] as the focus of physiological research. He also recognized pathophysiology as a distinct discipline, arguing that it should rely on clinical observation and experimentation rather than purely anatomical pathology.<ref name=Churilov_2015/> Virchow’s influence extended to his student [[Julius Cohnheim]], who pioneered [[experimental pathology]] and the usage of [[intravital microscopy]], further advancing the study of pathophysiology.<ref name=Churilov_2015/>