Editing Performance (section)

=== Stage fright ===
[[File:Kristin Chenoweth singing National Anthem at Yankee Stadium.jpg|120px|thumb|right|[[Kristin Chenoweth]] performs the national anthem of the United States at a [[baseball]] game.]]
Theatrical performances, especially when the audience is limited to only a few observers, can lead to significant increases in the performer's heart rate. This increase takes place in several stages relative to the performance itself, including anticipatory activation (one minute before the start of subject's speaking role), confrontation activation (during the subject's speaking role, at which point their heart rate peaks) and release period (one minute after the conclusion of the subject's speech).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Baldwin|first1=Sandra|title=Effect of Speakers' Sex and Size of Audience on Heart-Rate Changes During Short Impromptu Speeches|journal=Psychological Reports|date=1980|volume=46|issue=1|pages=123–130|pmid=7367532|doi=10.2466/pr0.1980.46.1.123|s2cid=20025236}}</ref> The same physiological reactions can be experienced in other mediums such as instrumental performance. When experiments were conducted to determine whether there was a correlation between audience size and heart rate (an indicator of anxiety) of instrumental performers, the researcher's findings ran contrary to previous studies, showing a positive correlation rather than a negative one.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Studer|first1=Regina|title=Psychophysiological Activation During Preparation, Performance, and Recovery in High- and Low-Anxious Music Students|journal=Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback|date=2014|volume=39|issue=1|pages=45–57|doi=10.1007/s10484-014-9240-2|pmid=24477850|s2cid=43418025|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/325600/files/10484_2014_Article_9240.pdf}}</ref>

Heart rate shares a strong, positive correlation with the self reported [[anxiety]] of performers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Maclntyre|first1=Valerie|title=Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Speaking Anxiety|journal=Communication Research Reports|date=2010|volume=27|issue=4|pages=286–297|doi=10.1080/08824096.2010.496323|s2cid=55686972}}</ref> Other physiological responses to public performance include [[perspiration]], secretion of the [[adrenal glands]], and increased blood pressure.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brutten|first1=Eugene|title=A Palmer Sweat Investigation of the Effect of Audience Variation Upon Stage Fright.|journal=Speech Monographs|date=1963|volume=30|issue=2|pages=92–96|doi=10.1080/03637756309375363}}</ref>