Editing Permian (section)

=== Lopingian ===
The Lopingian was first introduced by [[Amadeus William Grabau]] in 1923 as the "Loping Series" after [[Leping]], [[Jiangxi]], China. Originally used as a lithostraphic unit, T.K. Huang in 1932 raised the Lopingian to a series, including all Permian deposits in South China that overlie the Maokou Limestone. In 1995, a vote by the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy of the ICS adopted the Lopingian as an international standard chronostratigraphic unit.''<ref name="Jin etal-2006">{{aut|Jin, Y.; Shen, S.; Henderson, C. M.; Wang, X.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Cao, C. & Shang, Q.}}; '''2006''': [https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/wuchiapingian.pdf ''The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the boundary between the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian Stage (Permian)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828153020/https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/wuchiapingian.pdf |date=2021-08-28 }}, Episodes '''29(4)''', pp.&nbsp;253–262</ref>''

The Wuchiapinginan and Changhsingian were first introduced in 1962, by J. Z. Sheng as the "Wuchiaping Formation" and "Changhsing Formation" within the Lopingian series. The GSSP for the base of the Wuchiapingian is located at Penglaitan, [[Guangxi]], China and was ratified in 2004. The boundary is defined by the first appearance of [[Clarkina|''Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri'']]''<ref name="Jin etal-2006" />'' The Changhsingian was originally derived from the Changxing Limestone, a geological unit first named by the Grabau in 1923, ultimately deriving from [[Changxing County]], [[Zhejiang]] .The GSSP for the base of the Changhsingian is located 88&nbsp;cm above the base of the Changxing Limestone in the Meishan D section, Zhejiang, China and was ratified in 2005, the boundary is defined by the first appearance of ''Clarkina wangi.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=Yugan|last2=Wang|first2=Yue|last3=Henderson|first3=Charles|last4=Wardlaw|first4=Bruce R.|last5=Shen|first5=Shuzhong|last6=Cao|first6=Changqun|date=2006-09-01|title=The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of Changhsingian Stage (Upper Permian)|journal=Episodes|language=en|volume=29|issue=3|pages=175–182|doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/003|issn=0705-3797|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The GSSP for the base of the Triassic is located at the base of Bed 27c at the Meishan D section, and was ratified in 2001. The GSSP is defined by the first appearance of the conodont ''[[Hindeodus|Hindeodus parvus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hongfu|first1=Yin|last2=Kexin|first2=Zhang|last3=Jinnan|first3=Tong|last4=Zunyi|first4=Yang|last5=Shunbao|first5=Wu|date=June 2001|title=The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary|url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/induan.pdf|journal=Episodes|volume=24|issue=2|pages=102–114|doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004|access-date=8 December 2020|doi-access=free|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828153134/https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/induan.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>