Editing Peru–Bolivian Confederation (section)

===Political instability and wars===
{{main|War of the Confederation|Tarija War}}
Like Orbegoso, Santa Cruz also had many opponents and enemies born in the frequent caudillo clashes of the early years of Peru's republican history. Among those enemies were powerful characters such as [[Agustín Gamarra]] and [[Ramón Castilla]], who at the time were exiled in Chile.{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=253}}<ref name=Tauro>{{Cite book|title=Enciclopedia ilustrada del Perú: CAN-CHO|last=Tauro del Pino|first=Alberto|publisher=[[El Comercio (Peru)|Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A.]]|year=2001|isbn=9972401499|location=Lima|pages=544–545|language=es}}</ref>

The rivalry that existed between the ports of [[Callao]] and [[Valparaíso]] worsened as a result of the establishment of the Confederation.{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=254}} A tariff war soon began between both states,{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=128–129}} and Orbegoso supported [[Ramón Freire]]'s failed expedition against [[Diego Portales]].{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=129–131}}{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=255}} The [[Congress of Chile]] approved the declaration of war on December 26, 1836,{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=255}} claiming that Santa Cruz's rule over Peru was illegitimate, and that his influence threatened the integrity of other [[South America]]n nations, as seen by Orbegoso's support for the attempted invasion of Chile by Freire, specifically pointing out the attempt on Portales.{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=131}}

A territorial dispute between Argentina and Bolivia over the territory of [[Tarija Department|Tarija]] escalated, as Bolivia occupied and annexed the territory<ref>{{Cite journal |title=La anexión e incorporación de Tarija a Bolivia |journal=Tarija200 |url=https://www.tarija200.com/post/la-anexion-e-incorporacion-de-tarija-a-bolivia |last=Avila Echazú |first=Edgar |date=2011-04-14 |issue=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616040041/https://www.tarija200.com/post/la-anexion-e-incorporacion-de-tarija-a-bolivia |archive-date=16 June 2020 }}</ref> and [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] then [[Tarija War|declared war]] on the Confederation on May 19, 1837, accusing Santa Cruz of harboring supporters of the [[Unitarian Party]]. The accusations ended up being true, as Santa Cruz had financially supported the émigrés.{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=133}}

Portales was assassinated in [[Valparaíso]] after a mutiny broke out in [[Quillota]], leading to preparations for the invasion of South Peru.{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=255}} Thus, the first "Restorative Expedition" left Valparaíso on September 15, 1837, landing in [[Quilca District|Quilca]], and occupying [[Arequipa]] on October 12, establishing a [[Peruvian Republic (1837)|local government]] on October 17.{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=135}} The [[Confederate Navy (Peru–Bolivian Confederation)|Confederate Navy]] captured the [[Juan Fernández Islands]] on November 14.{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=137}}

On November 17, after the Chileans were surrounded by Peruvian troops, the [[Treaty of Paucarpata]] was signed by [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]] under the guarantee of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], through which the occupation was undone six days later and the Peruvian ships captured by Chile were to be returned.{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=255}}{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=136}} After Blanco Encalada's troops arrived in Valparaíso, he was met with hostile demonstrations and the Chilean government repudiated the treaty of Paucarpata.{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=137}} A second expedition headed by [[Manuel Bulnes]] was organized,{{sfn|Basadre|2014|page=138}} which left for Peru on July 19, 1838.{{sfn|Tamayo|1985|page=255}}