Editing Phobos program (section)

==Systems and sensors==
Phobos probes carried several instruments:  solar [[x-ray]] and [[ultraviolet]] telescopes, a [[neutron spectrometer]] and the Grunt radar experiment designed to study the surface relief of Phobos.
The lander had an [[APXS|x-ray/alpha spectrometer]] to provide information on the chemical element composition of the surface of Phobos, a [[seismometer]] to determine the internal structure of Phobos, and the "[[Razrez]]" penetrator with temperature sensors and an [[accelerometer]] for testing the physical and mechanical properties of the surface.

The Phobos 2 [[Thermal infrared spectroscopy|infrared spectrometer]] (ISM) obtained 45000 spectra in the near infrared (from 0.75 to 3.2&nbsp;μm) in the equatorial areas of Mars, with a spatial resolution ranging from 7 to 25&nbsp;km, and 400 spectra of Phobos at 700 m resolution. These observations made it possible to retrieve the first mineralogical maps of the planet and its satellite, and to study the atmosphere of Mars. ISM was developed at [[Institut aéronautique et spatial|IAS]] and [[DESPA]] ([[Paris Observatory]]) with support from [[CNES]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.u-psud.fr/ism/DRV_DATA/HTML/ISM/WELCOME.HTM|title = Instrument ISM}}</ref>

List of instruments:
* "VSK" TV imaging system<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/holdings/phb2-m-vsk-2-edr-v1.0/dataset.shtml|title = PDS-SBN: Phobos 2 Mars/Phobos/Jupiter VSK-Fregat Images}}</ref>
* PROP-F "hopping" lander. Only carried by Phobos 2.
**ARS-FP automatic X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
**ferroprobe [[magnetometer]]
**Kappameter magnetic permeability / susceptibility sensor
**gravimeter
**temperature sensors
**BISIN conductometer / tiltmeter
**mechanical sensors (penetrometer, UIU accelerometer, sensors on hopping mechanism)
*"DAS" (long-lived autonomous station) lander
**TV camera
**ALPHA-X Alpha-Proton-X-Ray Spectrometer
**LIBRATION [[Sun sensor]] (also known as STENOPEE)
**Seismometer
**RAZREZ anchor penetrometer
**Celestial mechanics experiment
* "ISM" thermal infrared spectrometer/radiometer - 1–2&nbsp;km resolution<ref name="auto1"/>
* near-infrared imaging spectrometer
* thermal imaging camera; magnetometers
* gamma-ray spectrometers
* X-ray telescope
* radiation detectors
* radar and laser altimeters
* Lima-D laser experiment - designed to vaporise material from the Phobos surface for chemical analysis by a mass spectrometer
* Automatic Space Plasma Experiment with Rotating Analyzer (ASPERA), an electron spectrometer and ion mass analyser from the [[Swedish Institute of Space Physics]].
* "Grunt" imaging radar - Only carried by Phobos 1