Editing Phronesis (section)

==In Social Sciences==
In [[Alasdair MacIntyre]]'s book [[After Virtue]], he called for a phronetic [[social science]]. He writes that for every prediction made by [[social science|social scientific]] theory there are usually [[counter-example]]s, meaning that the [[Predictability|unpredictability]] of human beings and human life requires focus on practical experiences.

In psychologist Heiner Rindermann's book ''Cognitive Capitalism'', he uses the term {{transliteration|grc|phronesis}} to describe a rational approach to thinking and acting, "a circumspect and thoughtful way of life in a rational manner".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781107279339/type/book|url-access=subscription|title=Cognitive Capitalism: Human Capital and the Wellbeing of Nations|last=Rindermann|first=Heiner|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1107279339|edition=1st|doi=10.1017/9781107279339|page=188}}</ref>

Critiques of the ''APM''<nowiki/>'s empirical limitations led to McLoughlin, Thoma, and Kristjánsson developing the ''neo-Aristotelian Phronesis Model (neo-APM)'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McLoughlin |first=Shane |last2=Thoma |first2=Stephen |last3=Kristjánsson |first3=Kristján |date=2025-01-22 |title=Was Aristotle right about moral decision-making? Building a new empirical model of practical wisdom |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0317842 |journal=PLoS One |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=e0317842 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0317842 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=11753716 |pmid=39841702 |doi-access=free}}</ref> which refines the construct using contemporary psychometric techniques. This updated model empirically identified ten distinct components and employed network analysis to highlight the interconnectedness and centrality of key elements, such as aspired moral identity and moral deliberation. The neo-APM thus provides a more nuanced and empirically valid framework for understanding practical wisdom in psychological and educational contexts.