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Phrygian language
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==Phonology== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- style="vertical-align: center; ! ! [[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! [[Dental consonant|Dental]] ! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] |- ! [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA|m}} | {{IPA|n}} | | | |- ! [[Stop consonant|Stop]] | {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}} | {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}} | | | {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}} |- ! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | | | {{IPA|s}} | | |- ! [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | | | {{IPA|ts}} {{IPA|dz}} | | |- ! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | {{IPA|w}} | | {{IPA|l}} | {{IPA|j}} | |- ! [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | | | {{IPA|r}} | | |} It has long been claimed that Phrygian exhibits a [[sound law|sound change]] of [[stop consonant]]s, similar to [[Grimm's Law]] in [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and, more to the point, sound laws found in [[Proto-Armenian]];<ref>Bonfante, G. "Phrygians and Armenians", ''Armenian Quarterly'', 1 (1946), 82- 100 (p. 88).</ref> i.e., [[voicing (phonetics)|voicing]] of PIE [[aspirated consonant|aspirates]], [[devoicing]] of PIE [[voiced stop]]s and aspiration of [[voiceless stop]]s. This hypothesis was rejected by Lejeune (1979) and Brixhe (1984)<ref>Woodard, Roger D. ''The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor'', Cambridge University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-521-68496-X}}, p. 74.</ref> but revived by Lubotsky (2004) and Woodhouse (2006), who argue that there is evidence of a partial shift of [[obstruent]] series; i.e., voicing of PIE aspirates (''*bʱ'' > ''b'') and devoicing of PIE voiced stops (''*d'' > ''t'').<ref>Lubotsky, A. "The Phrygian Zeus and the problem of „Lautverschiebung". ''Historische Sprachforschung'', 117. 2. (2004), 229–237.</ref> The [[affricate]]s ''ts'' and ''dz'' may have developed from [[Velar consonant|velar]]s before [[front vowel]]s.
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